Acetic essence is an acetic acid which water solution has concentration from 70% to 80%. Represents transparent colourless liquid with the characteristic pungent, "burning" smell. In the specified concentration represents itself caustic and very toxic agent. Not accidentally in many countries (including, earlier in the USSR) acetic essence was allowed to sell only in tanks of irregular shape to exclude a possibility of its accidental use instead of other liquids. How to receive acetic essence?
Instruction
1. One of methods of receiving acetic essence is oxidation of an element - etanalya (ethyl aldehyde). Reaction proceeds according to the following scheme: 2CH3COH + O2 = 2SN3SOONDlya its commission is required to you the catalyst – manganese salts. Reaction goes at the increased temperature (about sixty degrees).
2. This method is quickly forced out by another, more favorable from the economic point of view – reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide. The mechanism of reaction looks thus: CH3OH + WITH = SN3SOONDostoinstvo this method consists in the high speed of reaction and most the highest product yield, the shortcoming is a need of use of very expensive catalysts (on the basis of rhodium and iridium) which are available not to all in view of the high price level.
3. For receiving acetic essence you can also use a method which is known from an extreme antiquity - it is so-called "acetic fermentation the" of liquids containing ethyl alcohol under the influence of special enzyme which is called alkogolyoksidaz. Actually it is a biochemical way of production which proceeds in several stages, through formation of intermediate products. It can be presented in the simplified form as follows: C2H5OH + O2 = CH3COOH + H2O
4. There is also a way of receiving acetic essence by distillation of tonkoizmelchenny wood. As raw materials for this purpose serves waste of woodworking production, it is desirable to use deciduous breeds as waste of coniferous trees contains a lot of pitch.