The ecology is a science about relationship between living organisms and the environment. This term was for the first time offered by the famous German biologist Ernst Gekkel in the work "General Morphology of Organisms".
Instruction
1. Today a word the ecology has much broader value, than in the first years of the existence. Now this term is used, first of all, as the main link of the questions connected with the environment. In many respects such confusion of concepts happened because of harmful influence of the person on the nature. However it is necessary to divide ecology as science and ecology as measures of fight against negative impacts on the environment.
2. The complexity of definition of scientific ecology is connected with uncertainty of limits of other disciplines and their adjacent sites. Besides big impact is made by not settled ideas of structure of this science. Also difficulties arise because of differences in terminology of the biologists studying plants and the biologists studying animals as the ecology is designed to unite their works.
3. An ecology research object mainly are systems higher than the level of one organism: ecosystems, biocenoses, populations and also all biosphere. A subject of study is functioning and the organization of these systems. At the same time the main task of ecology is allocated: need to develop the principles of rational use of the available natural resources on the basis of the general regularities of the organization of living beings.
4. All methods of study are subdivided into three big groups. In the first group so-called "field" methods belong: observations of activity of organisms in their native habitat. The second group is called "experimental", and various experiments made in stationary conditions join there. For example, identification of influence of various varied factors on organisms. The third group – "modeling", that is creation of the simplified systems of relationship of living beings.
5. In the history of ecology allocate five stages: antiquity, modern times, the first half of the nineteenth century, ecology after Darwin and Gekkelya and a modern era. Apparently, people tried to find regularities of interaction of various living beings still for a long time. It is known many ancient works devoted to domestication of animals or their fight for disputed territories.
6. The modern science is engaged generally in optimization of the human activity connected with use of natural resources. New methods of use are studied, the controlling stations and regulations are developed. Everything becomes to provide harmonious existence of all live on the planet.