The solar system consists of eight planets, everyone moves around the Sun on own orbit. Orbits of these planets have the form which is brought closer to an equal circle and are located almost on one plane which is called an ecliptic. Actually these orbits of an elliptichna: a little priplusnuta from some parties are also extended from others.
Orbits of smaller internal planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are included into group of so-called smaller internal planets or planets of terrestrial group: they are small, firm, consist of metals of silicates and are most closer to the Sun. At Mercury one of the most extended orbits least of all similar to a circle form. Its eccentricity – numerical expression of a deviation from a circle – is 0.205. The orbit of Mercury is located almost in 58 million kilometers from the Sun. On the ecliptic plane it lies unevenly, at an angle in 7 degrees too.
The planet moves on an orbit with a speed of 48 kilometers per second, making a revolution around the Sun in 88 days.
The orbit of Venus is very close in a form to a circle, unlike Mercury (eccentricity is equal to 0.0068). An inclination to the ecliptic plane at it too very small: about 3.4 degrees. The planet handles speed of 35 kilometers per second, doing a whole revolution in 225 days. Earth orbit elliptic, its length – more than 930 million kilometers. Speed of the movement of the planet on an orbit not a constant: it is minimum in July and is maximum in February. Mars is in 55 million kilometers from Earth and in 400 million kilometers from the Sun. Its orbit has the form of very expressed ellipse but which was not as extended, as at Mercury, with eccentricity in 0.0934. It is inclined to the plane of a tipsy ecliptic 1.85.
Orbits of gas giants
Other four planets of the Solar system – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranium and the Neptune – are called gas giants or external planets. The ellipse of an orbit of Jupiter has the eccentricity about 0.0488 therefore the difference between the most short and most long distance from the Sun makes about 76 million kilometers.
Floodlight most quicker rotates in comparison with other planets of the Solar system round its pivot-center, and around the Sun it makes a whole revolution almost in 12 years.
The orbit of Saturn which was a little more extended than at Jupiter (eccentricity 0.056) because of what the difference of distances to the Sun makes the whole 162 million kilometers. Saturn moves with a small speed – about 9.7 kilometers per second. The Uranium orbit almost circular, but with small deviations to an ellipse form. Divergences in calculations between an estimated and observed orbit allowed to assume in the middle of the 19th century that behind Uranium there is one more planet. The Neptune has small eccentricity – 0.011. Its orbit so long that it makes the whole revolution in 165 years – so much time passed since opening of the planet.