Lithosphere is called the firm cover of Earth. Earth crust and also the top part of a cloak are its part. This concept came from two Greek words, first of which designates "stone", and the second – "sphere" or "sphere".
The lower boundary of a lithosphere is not clear. Its definition is carried out due to reduction of viscosity of breeds, increase in their conductivity and also at the expense of the speed with which seismic waves extend. The lithosphere has different thickness on the land and under oceans. Its average value is 25-200 km for sushi and 5-100 km for the ocean. For 95% the lithosphere consists of izverzhenny breeds of magma. Granites and granitoids are the prevailing breeds on continents while in oceans such breed are basalts.
The lithosphere represents Wednesday for all known mineral resources, also it is object of human activity. Changes of a lithosphere influence global ecological crisis.
Soil is one of the making top parts of earth crust of continents. For the person they have huge value. They represent an organomineral product which is a consequence of thousand-year activity of various living organisms and also such factors as air, water, solar light and heat. Soil thickness, especially in comparison with thickness of the lithosphere, rather small. In different regions it makes from 15-20 cm to 2-3 m. Soil appeared together with emergence of live substance. Further they developed, they were influenced by activity of microorganisms, plants and animals. The main number of all microorganisms and organisms existing in a lithosphere is concentrated in soil on depth of several meters. The extracted minerals are also connected with earth crust. Namely with the breeds which are in it. Such ecological processes as mudflows, an erosion, shifts, collapses periodically happen in a lithosphere. They have significant effect on an ecological situation, sometimes are the reason of global disasters.