Artificial selection is process of change of characteristics of animals or plants in the artificial way. For example, the cattle breeders who are often able to change characteristics of pets, having chosen for reproduction of those which have the most desirable qualities.
Artificial selection can be not necessarily used in those cases which would allow posterity to survive better in the wild nature. It is also known as selection and unnatural selection. Process can be considered as an antipode of natural selection. It is rather easy to apply artificial selection to a single plant or an animal because it has specific hereditary and genetic sign. The plant or an animal are crossed to another related, having similar lines. As a result the posterity with higher vital potential turns out. This cycle can be repeated with posterity to concrete sign and stops at the desirable level or on achievement of the necessary results.
Congenital posterity - one of potential dangers of too wide artificial choice. Some lines are so rare that they can exist only in one or two generations of family. If the sign is to recessive, then two members to one line (relatives), perhaps, it is necessary to participate in joint cultivation in order that were more expressed. At animals, it can result in genetic defects and other serious problems.
Presently, plants with desirable characteristics are grown up by people in the big, constantly increasing quantities. Meanwhile, plants without certain characteristics have less chances to survive as they are not provided with fertilizers and pesticides. After all, weak plants will be completely excluded. Charles Darwin called artificial selection a creative factor of creation of new forms in the course of tselenayopravlenny human activity. He assumed that the hereditary variability is only a prerequisite of emergence of new cultural forms. Darwin called also conditions which increase efficiency of iskusstyovenny selection: a large number of the individuals subjected to selection, high degree of variability of organisms, art of the selector and also complete isolation of the individuals subjected to selection.