The Mariana hollow is the oceanic trench located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean near the Mariana Islands. It is the deepest geographical object on the planet. Depth of the Mariana hollow reaches a point of 11,022 m. Pressure near a bottom of a trench is 108.5 MPas that more than by 1000 times exceeds normal atmospheric pressure.
Legends of the Mariana hollow
On January 23, 1960 the only immersion of the person to a hollow bottom took place. The lieutenant Don Walsh and the scientist Jacque Picard on a bathyscaphe Trieste reached the bottom of a trench. But, after a while, the device which registers noise began to transmit the sounds similar to a metal gnash on a surface. At the same time on screens of monitors appeared, huge shadows of strange beings vanished.
In an hour the captain made the decision to lift a bathyscaphe from an oceanic bottom. Rise lasted over 8 hours. When the bathyscaphe appeared onboard the ship, it became clear that the case of the submersible manufactured of the strongest titano-cobalt steel was bent, and the cable on which the bathyscaphe was lowered was half cut. Who wanted to leave Trieste at the bottom of the hollow it is unknown.
The similar situation developed during descent to the hollow of the German bathyscaphe Hayfish. All its crew claimed that they saw at a depth of 7 km the huge animal reminding a lizard who seized the vessel teeth.
Whether life at such depths is possible
Scientists try to solve riddles of sea depths long ago. How do the beings living under the influence of such enormous pressure and low temperatures have to look? Difficulties of studying similar depths are enough, but the ingenuity of the person does not know limits. Quite long time scientists considered that in a gloom of an oceanic bottom, under enormous pressure the life cannot exist. But by means of pilotless bathyscaphes which explored the Pacific Ocean at a depth over 6,000 m the return was proved. At similar depths huge colonies of organisms of pogonofor were found. This invertebrate being lives in the long chitinous tube opened since both ends. As a result of the subsequent researches, even more various beings were found.
At big depths the sunlight and seaweed are absent, high salinity and abundance of carbon dioxide there.
Beings of the Mariana hollow
By means of the latest technologies at depths from 6 to 11 km in the hollow the following organisms were found: - foraminifera - group protozoa, a kornenozhka subclass, have a cytoplasmatic body, are dressed in a sink; - ksenofiofor are the simplest barofilny bacteria; - barofilny bacteria – develop only in the presence of high pressure; - mnogoshchetinkovy worms; - bokoplava; - ravnonogy crayfish; - holothurias and Gastropoda mollusks. It is the list of those animals who were already identified. But at the bottom worms about 1.5 meters long, octopuses mutants, strange starfishes and spineless two-meter beings of the unclear nature were also noticed.