Hypochlorites call connections which in a waterless free state are unstable. Many hypochlorites which are exposed to heating decay along with explosion whereas hypochlorites of alkaline-earth and alkaline metals at dissolution in water form the crystalline hydrates decaying at storage.
Chemical properties of hypochlorites
In water solutions hypochlorites are capable to decay pretty fast – however chemical decomposition reaction will depend on water temperature and its RN. Silnokisly solutions completely hydrolyze hypochlorites, decomposing them at the room temperature to oxygen and chlorine. The neutral environment turns hypochlorites into chlorates and chlorides – at the same time reaction slows down in the conditions of room temperature and accelerates at its increase. Temperature higher than 70 wasps significantly accelerates process of decomposition and is used in the industry for receiving chlorates.
Hypochlorites represent strong oxidizers, however their oxidizing abilities in water solution strongly depend on his RN-environment.
The hypochlorites placed in alkaline solution are included into reaction with hydrogen peroxide, forming chloride and oxygen. The main feature of this reaction in release of the oxygen which is in the excited singlet state, but not generally triplet. It also is a prerequisite for its high activity and phosphorescing in the near infrared range.
Use of hypochlorites
In organic synthesis alkylhypochlorites subject to thermal or photochemical isomerization for the purpose of receiving δ-hlorohydrins. At Hoffman's reaction, amides of carbonic acids interact with hypochlorites and are grouped in molecules in the isocyanates which subsequently are hydrolyzed to primary amines or obrazovyvayushchy urethanes (in the presence of alcohols). The potassium hypochlorite applied in a bleaching of cellulose fabric was the first hypochlorite which began to be used in the industry. Hypochlorites of calcium and sodium are large-capacity products which receive as a result of transmission of chlorine through suspension or solution of the corresponding hydroxide. The majority of the hypochlorites produced by this method is used in mix with a certain chloride – for example, the hypochlorite mixed with calcium chloride turns at the exit into chloric lime. The low cost and strong oxidizing properties allow to apply hypochlorites as the bleaching means in the paper, textile and cellulose industry. Besides, they are used for decontamination of fosfororganichesky and sulfur-containing toxic agents and also for chemical disinfection of waste and drinking waters.