Management in translation from English means "management". This science studies technical and organizational, social and economic bases and the principles of production control.
The concept "management" appeared the XIX beginning of the 20th century at the end the Group of the advanced western engineers organized the movement which attention was directed to increase in labor productivity and improvement of the social relations.
Management as scienceof studies of structure of management, system of the relations between workers, mechanisms of these relations, behavior of employees of the enterprise and many other things. The purpose of this science is the formulation and practical application of the general principles of management which can be used in any field of activity and at any enterprise.
The main task of management is the organization of production and services, considering needs of consumers and using the available resources (material and human), achievement of profitability of production and the situation of stability in the market. Management sets specific objectives for itself, develops actions for their achievement, reveals interaction of divisions of the organization, makes coordination of these interactions. This science is engaged also in improvement of structure of the enterprise, carries out optimization of decision-making processes, is engaged in development of systems of motivation, creates effective styles of the management. Management as science works as follows: collection of information is made and its analysis is made. The drawn conclusions are applied to making management decisions. Further obligatory control of implementation of these decisions is made. Control is the most important function of management. In management there are several scientific approaches to management of firms. Traditional approach considers separately production, personnel, a control system, motivation, etc. Process approach provides development of a control algorithm of the organization. System approach reflects the analysis of work of the organization as systems with the purposes and tasks, achievements and results. At the same time interrelations between the management and personnel, buyers and firm, etc. are considered. Situational approach demands change of methods of management depending on a situation in the organization. All practical situations and results of activity of the organization in each of them are analyzed. The competent head is obliged to use all principles of management in the work. He has to see and realize the reasons for which the actual achievements of the company do not coincide with the purposes. The head needs also to be able to reveal the main complex of the interconnected problems, to eliminate relationships of cause and effect in this area; to predict further events, to develop effective methods of strategic and operational management.