The range is a decomposition of light on the making multi-colored beams. Each substance radiates or reflects own range, analyzing which, it is possible to define precisely about what substance it is, what its quantity.
History and features of the spectral analysis
For the first time Kirchhoff and Bunsen in 1859 tried to make the spectral analysis. Two physicists created the spectroscope similar to a pipe of irregular shape. On the one hand there was an opening (collimator) to which the studied rays of light got. In a pipe the prism was located, it rejected beams and directed them towards other opening of a pipe. At the exit of physics could see light which is spread out to a range.
Scientists decided to make an experiment. Having darkened the room and having veiled a window dense curtains, they lit a candle near a collimator crack, and then took pieces of different substances and entered them into a candle flame, observing whether the range will change. Also it turned out that hot vapors of each substance gave various ranges! As the prism strictly divided beams and did not allow them to accumulate at each other, on the turned-out range it was possible to identify substance precisely.
Further Kirchhoff analyzed a range of the Sun, having found out that at its chromosphere there are certain chemical elements. It gave rise to astrophysics.
Features of the spectral analysis
Carrying out the spectral analysis requires absolutely small amount of substance. This method is extremely sensitive and very fast that allows not only to use it for various needs, but also does it by a time just irreplaceable. It is precisely known that each chemical element of the table of Mendeleyev radiates the special range peculiar only to it to one therefore in correctly carried out spectral analysis it is almost impossible to be mistaken.
Types of the spectral analysis
The spectral analysis is atomic and molecular. By means of the atomic analysis it is possible to reveal, respectively, atomic composition of substance, and by means of molecular – molecular. Ways to measure a range exists two: issue and absorbing. The issue spectral analysis is carried out by means of studying that what range is radiated by the chosen atoms or molecules. For this purpose they need to give energy, that is, to excite them. The absorbing analysis, on the contrary, is carried out on a range of absorption of the electromagnetic study directed to objects. By means of the spectral analysis it is possible to measure a set of various characteristics of substances, particles or even big physical bodies (for example, space objects). For this reason the spectral analysis in addition is divided into various methods. To receive the result demanded for a specific objective, it is necessary to choose correctly the equipment, length of waves for a range research and also area of a range.