Urea, or carbamide is a full amide of coal acid, a product of proteinaceous exchange at animals and the person. Is the colourless crystals easily soluble in water, liquid ammonia, alcohol, sulphurous anhydride. Urea was discovered by the French chemist Ruell in 1773.
On the structure it is organic compound, but belongs to mineral fertilizers. Urea (carbamide) — the final product of proteinaceous exchange. It contains in blood, muscles, saliva, milk and other liquids and fabrics. Urea participates in regulation of water exchange at animals - supports a gipertonichnost of fabrics and provides their hydration. Out of an organism it is brought by kidneys, sweat glands. Content of urea depends on amount of proteins in food, on the level of their disintegration. At physical activity, diabetes, the increased body temperature, at the broken function of kidneys the maintenance of a carbamide increases. Urea level in blood of the person is normal - 2.5-8.3 mmol/l. In industrial production urea is synthesized from carbon dioxide and ammonia. It finds broad application in the national economy. Urea — initial material for receiving formaldehyde carbamide pitches, cyanates, a hydrazine, cyanuric acid, some dyes, sleeping medicines (veronal, luminal). In medicine it is used as dehydrational cure for brain hypostases. A carbamide - the popular nitrogen concentrated fertilizer. It contains the maximum quantity of nitrogen - to 46 percent. Urea is produced in the granulated look for the best distribution on the processed site. It is applied as doposevny fertilizer, to fertilizing under many crops. Besides, the carbamide is applied as nutritional supplement, for example, by production of chewing gum. Urea is widely used in cosmetology. It helps to connect moisture in skin, heals wounds, reduces inflammation. It is a harmless humidifier, antiseptics and the deodorizing component. Urea is a part of creams for the dry, withering skin, is used in lotions, shampoos, hair-dyes, antiperspirants, toothpastes.