Ferns, the most ancient of the higher plants, can live in various ecological conditions: they grow on boggy places and in reservoirs, in forests of a temperate climate and in damp tropical. From them are most widespread orlyak and a strausnik. In certain regions of our country the young leaves of an orlyak are eaten.
Instruction
1. All plants divide into two groups – the lowest and the highest. The body of the most primitive plants can consist even of one cage. At multicellular lowest plants the body is presented sloyevishchy or tallomy (from Greek tallos - "green branch"), and they have no roots, stalks and leaves, as well as complex fabric structure. The body of the higher plants, except for mosses, is divided into bodies – the escapes and roots constructed of various fabrics.
2. Carry monocelled and multicellular seaweed to the lowest plants. Mosses, club mosses, horsetails and ferns, gymnospermous and floral are higher plants. Modern ferns – descendants of the large treelike plants existing 300 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period of the Palaeozoic Era. They occupied all continents, not excepting Antarctica. At dying off they formed coal deposits.
3. Ferns – long-term, are more often the grassy plants growing in damp shady places. In tropics their treelike forms prevail. At all ferns the mechanical and carrying-out fabrics are well developed thanks to what these plants can reach the big sizes. All of them have leaves, a stalk and roots, and breed a sporoobrazovaniye.
4. Ferns and until now, like the ancestors, are widespread on all surface of the globe. They can grow on the land and in water. Them there are more than 10 thousand types, and the sizes of ferns fluctuate from several millimeters to 20 meters in height.
5. Leaves of ferns call vayam, they can be cut or integral. At most of representatives pteroid rhizomes (underground escapes) underground are located, and vay grow directly from them. In summertime on a bottom side of a vaya it is possible to see a sporangium (from Greek angeion - "vessel") in which disputes ripen. The detailed structure of a sporangium, small brown hillocks, it is possible to consider only under a microscope.