Children up to 12-14 years have quite weak and not up to the end created immunity in this connection are subject to many infectious diseases. Most often infection occurs measles, chickenpox, a rubella or a mumps.
Measles at children's age
Measles represent a viral infectious disease, usually airborne. The incubation period of this disease lasts 8-15 days. At the same time on character allocate typical and atypical measles. Typical has three periods:
- prodromal;
- rashes;
In the prodromal period at the patient typical symptoms of cold, including cold, cough and temperature increase up to 38 degrees or above are observed. In 3-5 days the disease enters the rash period: on all body there is small rash which can strongly itch, and temperature rises even above. At a happy end during the next 7-10 days the disease gradually passes what tells transformation of rash into brownish pigmentation about. Further spots will turn pale and over time will disappear completely.
If at the child symptoms of measles are shown, it is necessary to call as soon as possible the doctor on the house. The bed rest with isolation from people around is provided to the patient. At engagement with the child the adults have to carry a protective bandage. The doctor registers the special antiviral and also immunomodifying medicines most of which often promote normal and fast recovery.
In case measles have atypical character, that is the patient feels extremely badly, and the developed rash is not exposed to pigmentation, the child is quickly hospitalized. In rare instances the disease leads to such complications as bronchial pneumonia, otitis and some other. In order to avoid repeated infection to children the special measles inoculation is appointed.
Chickenpox at children
Chicken pox — one more viral disease transmitted in exclusively airborne way. Usually it children up to 12 years are ill, but it is possible to be infected with a disease also at much more advanced age that, in connection with some features of an infection, can negatively be reflected in an organism. For this reason treatment of the teenagers and adults who got sick with chicken pox is performed already with obligatory hospitalization.
In total allocate five stages of chickenpox with signs, characteristic of each of them. To the first there corresponds the moment of infection and the subsequent incubation period of development of a virus in an organism. At the second stage at the person such signs as are shown:
- sharp temperature increase of a body;
- emergence of weakness in extremities;
- pains in the head and a back.
At the third stage the virus affects the immune system, and on a body there is plentiful rash, initially in any way proving. However at the fourth stage of a rash strongly inflame and begin to itch. Further everything depends on features of immunity, but usually within 7-14 days the disease gradually passes without the need for medicamentous intervention.
At the weakened immunity the disease is capable to pass into the fifth stage when there is a repeated developing of rash on sites to the affected nervous system. At the person temperature increases, and at this stage medical assistance can be required. The pediatrician registers in such cases:
- the antihistamines facilitating an itch;
- febrifugal medicines for decrease in temperature;
- antiseptic solutions for skin disinfecting.
In most cases the forecast positive, and a disease completely recedes. Further against it the resistant immunity is developed, and the person any more never has chickenpox.
Rubella and its features
One more infectious disease, widespread in children's age, is the rubella. Most often it affects children up to 10 years, being transmitted as by air, and through contact with the general household objects or toys. The rubella begins to be shown with increase in lymph nodes on a nape and in a neck. The patient also tests symptoms of cold in the form of irritation in a throat, cold and cough. Symptoms can be complemented with temperature increase, dacryagogue and an itch in eyes.
Gradually on a body the bright red rash in the form of small specks of round or oval shape develops. Usually rashes begin to be shown with the head and a neck, further passing to a back, a stomach and extremities. At the same time on palms and feet the rash at a rubella does not arise. Rashes cause a small itch, but pass most often quickly, within 2-3 days.
At strong immunity the organism copes with the illness independently. It is important to use more liquid and to be in a bed. It is also necessary to show the child to the doctor. Febrifugal and antiviral medicines are in some cases appointed. It is worth remembering minimization of contact with the child of people around.
Mumps at children
Epidemic parotitis or mumps is very widespread in children's age. It is transferred in the airborne way at contact with the virus carrier. Usually has seasonal nature and it is more often shown at the beginning of spring. At the same time a thicket boys are exposed to infection. The disease begins with sharp and substantial increase of temperature to 38-39 degrees. The child complains of a headache, weakness and spasms.
The mumps easily is determined by inflammation of salivary glands in ears. At contact of these sites with fingers there is severe pain. Besides developing of a tumor in a side part of the head the patients complain of noise in ears. Gradually glands swell up more and stronger, and the person begins to remind a pear-shaped form what the disease and received the national name for.
For the period of a disease the child is located to the separate room. Febrifugal medicines are applied to decrease in temperature and also antihistaminic, preventing intoxication. The safe diet on the basis of dairy and vegetable food and also plentiful drink is appointed. Gradually the organism recovers, and against a mumps the immunity on for the rest of the life is developed.
As well as in a case with other infectious diseases special inoculations which can be done already at infantile age are applied to prevention of a mumps. It is necessary to undergo consultation at the pediatrician in advance, having received the list of necessary inoculations and the schedule of their passing. Vaccine represents a virus strain in quantity, safe for an organism, which will be enough for development of resistant immunity.