TCP is one of the most popular and main protocols for data transmission online. This protocol is used in TCP/IP networks and provides a data stream, practically excepting loss of information at the expense of the implemented technology of connection and loading.
Emergence of TCP
The TCP/IP protocol was for the first time created in the early seventies and was used for creation of ARPANET network. The technology was developed within the research project which was aimed at studying potentiality of combination of computers within one local or virtual area network of internetwork.
Connection establishing in TCP is carried out by means of the special client program, for example the browser, an email client or the client for message exchange.
Structure of TCP
The structure of TCP/IP allows to form access to remote computers and also to integrate separate devices for creation of the local area networks working separately from the general. TCP is the reliable data transfer protocol. Thus, all information which will be sent to networks, will be guaranteed is received by the addressee, i.e. the user to whom data were provided.
Alternative for TCP is UDP. Important differences between these networks is that TCP needs to establish previously trusted connection between the sender and the recipient of information. After connection establishing there takes place data transmission, and then the procedure of completion of connection begins. UDP at once enables transfer of the necessary packages of information to the user without preliminary creation of the channel.
Sending data on TCP
After connection establishing TCP sends data on the created routes according to the IP addresses of the sender and recipient of information. The IP address is a unique identifier of each network device on the Internet, and therefore the package sent on the created tunnel cannot be lost or mistakenly sent to other user.
At the physical layer of data transmission information has an appearance of frequencies, amplitudes and other waveforms which are already processed by the network interface card of the addressee.
Channel protocols among which it is possible to mention Ethernet, ATM, SLIP, IEEE 802.11 are responsible for information processing with the computer and its transfer to other components. These channels provide not only data transmission, but also a form of delivery to the addressee. So, in IEEE 802.11 networks the information transfer is carried out by means of a wireless radio signal. At the same time the signal is given from the network interface card of the computer which also have a custom code of MAC. In a case with Ethernet all data transmission is carried out by means of cable connection.