Carbohydrates are the main supplier of energy and nutritive matters in a human body. They stimulate work of a brain and are necessary for formation of enzymes, amino acids, nucleinic acids, immunoglobulins. Carbohydrates are divided into 2 groups: simple and difficult.
Plain carbohydrates are called monosaccharides or disaccharides. They have a simple chemical formula, are quickly acquired by an organism and literally in a few minutes raise a sugar content in blood. Treat digestible carbohydrates: glucose – glucose, fructose – fruit sugar, sucrose – food sugar, lactose – a lactobiose, a maltose – malt sugar.
Plain carbohydrates have no high nutritional value, on the contrary, they cause feeling of hunger and desire to eat something sweet. In a large number they contain in candies, syrups, sweet carbonated drinks, white loaf and confectionery. Fruit also enter into group of fast carbohydrates, but in their structure besides natural sugar there is a cellulose which is a little slowing down fructose absorption.
Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides, starches) represent long chains of molecules of glucose which are slowly split in intestines and only after that increase sugar level in blood. After the use of starches the energy inflow is felt, and sense of fulness remains for a long time. Complex carbohydrates contain in wholegrain cereals, bean, vegetables, fruit, pasta from firm grades of wheat, porridge, brown rice. Plain carbohydrates cause sharp raising of sugar in blood while difficult are more aimed at supply of an organism with nutritive matters. Besides, mono - and disaccharides can create a glucose surplus which under the influence of insulin turns into fat. If it occurs regularly, at the person the metabolism can be broken and, as a result, there will be a metabolic syndrome which is characterized by the excess weight increased by arterial blood pressure, high level of sugar in blood and leads to diseases of a cardiovascular system and diabetes. Unlike simple, complex carbohydrates don't constitute such danger. They contain the amount of sugar necessary for normal functioning of an organism, and don't allow emergence of excess fat. Therefore for maintenance of the correct and stable metabolism complex carbohydrates in a diet have to prevail over simple. Besides, there is a group of neusvoyaemy carbohydrates to which cellulose and pectins belong. Cellulose is a part of the rough food fibers providing normal digestion. Their shortcoming leads to obesity, cholelithiasis, digestive tract diseases, etc. Cellulose normalizes activity of useful intestinal microflora, and pectin has property to suppress a putrefactive bacteria and to delete bilious acids. Together these neusvoyaemy carbohydrates promote removal from a cholesterol organism.