At construction of owner-occupied dwelling much attention needs to be paid to the choice of the suitable base as the durability of all building depends on it. Before construction it is necessary to carry out researches and to define what type of soil is located on the site.
Instruction
1. When choosing the base it is necessary to be guided by what building will be built also. For small, easy buildings it is worth choosing the continuous or pile footing. If you are going to build the spacious mansion to two or three floors, it is better to fill in monolithic plate. Such base is ideal for construction on puchinisty soil.
2. Anyway, what type of the base you would not prefer, it is worth paying close attention to material selection. It is also necessary to observe strictly construction method, at its violation the base can quickly collapse. It becomes frequent the design distortion reason, load bearing walls of the building and roof at the same time experience unplanned strain and collapse.
3. Continuous footing is most widespread in construction. For the small building which is going to be built on dry, nepuchinisty soil it is ideal option. Allocate two views of this base – assembly and monolithic. Most often do monolithic continuous footing. It is quite economic and does not demand special labor input, especially, if to compare to arrangement of monolithic plate.
4. Production of monolithic continuous footing includes several stages. At first on the site it is necessary to dig out trench. Will allow to reduce labor costs and to increase construction speed use of special equipment. On bottom of trench the small sandy pillow is filled. Then it should be spilled carefully water for sand ramming. At the next stage the placing of bars and exposure of timbering is made. Armature at the same time should not concern walls of timbering and bottom therefore iron rods are recommended to be stacked on beaten brick. For fastening of armature it is possible to use welding, but it is the best of all to make linking of design lashing wire. After that it is necessary to prepare concrete solution and to fill in with it timbering. Allocate not less than ten days for drying of the base. Water concrete tape – it will allow to prevent emergence of cracks.
5. The column base is used for construction of buildings on weak soil. It represents design which consists of the separate columns established on certain depth. Columns need to be put to the place of crossing of load bearing walls and also in building corners. Columns can be constructed independently. Also they are on sale therefore in shops it is possible to get already ready.
6. The pile screw base is intended for construction of facilities on complex soil, for example, in the marshland. Piles can be used again after performance of dismantling of the building. It allows to cut down costs when moving the company from one place for another.
7. The monolithic plate is done most often on problem soil. The base differs in special stability that allows to avoid building distortion on puchinisty soil. Also such type of the base is used on dry soil when it is necessary to build the big building. Monolithic plate - the most expensive type of the base. But in certain cases it is simple not to do without its construction.