The brick is used as construction material several hundreds of years. Buildings from it built in different countries, the set of ways of laying of bricks is thought up. The technology includes many features and secrets, but if desired to master it not so difficult.
To understand how it is possible to execute brickwork, it is worth getting acquainted with terminology and the basic principles of work for a start. When it becomes easier to be guided in technology, it is possible to choose type of bandaging and the equipment which is more convenient for laying. Then it is possible to pass to practice. First you should not count on the high speed of work, as at professional bricklayers. But other parameters, on condition of attentive respect for technology, can be provided quite quite good.
Main terms
Names of edges of brick quite often occur in various descriptions of brickwork. Correctly to learn to put bricks, it is necessary to study these terms first of all. The biggest edge of product call "pastel", the smallest – "spike". The average edge located sideways is called "sucker".
Product sizes standard. The unary brick has the sizes of 250Х125Х66 mm, one-and-a-half – 250Х125Х88 mm. It should be noted that manufacturing techniques of bricks such is that models can slightly differ from different producers. But when laying the small difference can turn into considerable – even 2 mm for each edge in a number of bricks difference will give noticeable.
Before ordering big consignment of material from certain producer, it is recommended to execute measurements of the products taken from several roastings. It will help to define how exact was respect for technology.
Important it is more attention to pay to geometry of products. Edges have to be located at right angle, otherwise there is risk of emergence of the holding apart loadings as a result of which the put-up wall can begin to be scattered.
Types of laying
Brick walls can be put up for the different purposes. Sometimes they perform function of topping coat, can become partitions or are built as load bearing walls. Kind of laying chooses depending on what assignment of design and also from necessary heat conductivity.
Types of layings can be listed such:
- Laying "in half-brick". Usually such option is chosen for facing creation. Thickness is it 125 mm. Sometimes for the purpose of economy the product is established on the sucker – the wall "in quarter of brick" so turns out. At raising of such design through each four rows it is necessary to stack grid for reinforcing. It helps to increase rigidity of wall several times and provides creation of additional communications which strengthen durability.
- Laying "in brick". With its use create partitions, load bearing walls in small buildings. At such design thickness – 250 mm.
- In 1.5, 2 or 2.5 bricks load-carrying structures give all the best.
Performance of bandaging, name of ranks
Brick walls are put from small elements, but have to work the same as monolithic construction. For improvement of durability such method is used – the seams weakening system carry out with small shift. This reception at professionals is called bandaging. At its performance the elements communicate in uniform system, loading is redistributed on more extensive surface.
To execute joint step, bricks differently have:
- If they are turned by the smallest part to face side – the course is called header.
- If bricks are outside turned by the sucker, will call course stretcher.
Beginning laying, the first from the base carry out header course. The same option is used to end laying. For it choose only whole bricks.
Instruction for laying of brick ranks
The basis needs to be protected from humidity. Laying of waterproofing course is carried out – so it is possible not to allow moisture pulling by brick. The calculation of bricks can be carried out in different ways.
When laying the first row the brick is arranged on socle perimeter. It is necessary to observe at the same time identical gap between blocks and to support laying equal. It is the most difficult to work with corners. It is recommended to lay previously row dry, without use of solution. Where there have to be edges of bricks, marks are applied on socle. Measurements from one corner to another which are required to be verified with the data which are available in the project are carried out.
- On the marks made in advance the vykladyvaniye of corners is carried out. The laying should be begun with placement of two blocks at right angle, for check the triangle is used.
- Angular bricks after landing to solution adjust on height, using trowel or the hammer pick. It is necessary to involve level to make sure that blocks are located at one height. Then they are spread also on other corners of the building.
- Between angular blocks it is necessary to pull cord-prichalku – on it it is necessary to level the first row across and verticals. It is possible to fix thread by means of corners or on poryadovka. The cord should be pulled better – sagging will yield incorrect results.
- Then the vykladyvaniye of the following blocks of wreath begins. By means of trowel apply solution, put the block on it and level with use of mooring thread. Check is done by means of level, it is possible to use plumb for definition of flat lines. The brick is corrected trowel or blunt end of the hammer. Across thickness of seam is adjusted to 8-10 mm, down – 8 mm. The surplus of solution is removed trowel.
- All subsequent blocks in the first row keep within also.
- After installation of the last of wreaths of bricks the check is carried out. It is necessary that height of all sides was at one level, vypiraniye in the parties are not allowed.
- If all operations are performed correctly, it is possible to begin to move prichalka, to spread bricks in corners of the following row.
After wreaths are ready, the principle of work remains the same. But the technology chosen for laying can differ depending on plasticity of working solution. Usually in order that it is beautiful to put brick, choose such ways:
- Vprisyk - simpler option. More often it is used for vykladyvaniye of piers. On row from the internal and external parties pull prichalka. Apply solution on the surface of blocks of the previous row. It has to fill also intervals of the previous row. Thickness of its layer can be done slightly more planned. The brick is taken in hand, declined on diagonal, setting spike against solution, then advance towards the laid block. With some skills it is possible to create vertical and horizontal joint at once. Then spread the following blocks. For adjustment they are podstukivat trowel or the hammer.
- Vprizhim - at this way use the solution mixed densely. The labor input of this way pays off high strength of educated seams. Pull prichalka, spread solution, as well as the last way. Then the trowel should be laid on one side, to carry out on solution, raking up it to the vertical party of brick to which new will be arranged. Sideways the equal seam will turn out. Then solution needs to be held with trowel on the vertical party, to lay the following brick on the place, to press to edge of next and to pull out trowel. Further laying is made also. The surplus of solution is cut, using trowel.
Performance of brickwork can seem difficult business in the absence of experience. If process seems difficult for development, it is better to use services of professionals.