It is not more difficult to grow up good pepper from seeds on the garden site, than any other cultures. However certain agrotechnical techniques are necessary for this vegetable for the effective growth and fructification.
When and how to plant pepper on seedling
Cultivation of seedling of pepper from seeds demands special approach. Plants in initial growth phase quite gentle and whimsical, besides are very exacting by sunlight. Therefore you should not follow blindly recommendations about early crops of seeds (beginning of February). It is necessary to be guided by weather patterns and climatic zone. The pepper seeded at the end of February or the beginning of March will quickly catch up with the earlier fellows as at this time day increases, the sun looks out more often. If after all pepper is planted early, it is better to use in addition LED phytolamps, prolonging day for plants.
Crops are carried out on the following algorithm:
- soil preparation;
- selection of seeds;
- germination stimulation;
- now boarding;
- care for seedling.
Soil for cultivation of seedling of pepper from seeds, even from the reliable producer and furthermore prepared independently, it is necessary to prepare. He demands disinfecting and preliminary moistening. The earth can be steamed in oven or to spill hot rather weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Select seeds on exterior: they have to be full, clean, have equal color. If at the edges kernels brownish or with strongly bent rim, you do not sow them, they will hardly ascend.
It is desirable to stimulate growth of seeds because pepper differs in bad viability. For this purpose they can be killed in rag or to submerge for some time in Epina, Tsirkona or Novosila solution. These are universal regulators of growth which in a complex influence immunity of plants and accelerate forming of root system. Time of soaking needs to be maintained according to the instruction. Independently collected seeds in addition disinfect, applying Fitosporin, Baktofit and other medicines.
Grow up pepper on seedling from seeds in big containers according to the scheme of 2х2 cm, but it is possible to put at once in separate glasses that it was not necessary to dive. Water of landing has to be rather deep – about 3 cm of the consolidated ground that the reliable root system was created. At further changes it is impossible to bury stalk, it will not take new root, and can decay. Maintaining temperature in 28-30 °C, it is possible to achieve shoots in week after crops. Usually at 23-25 °C pepper arise for 14-15 day. Observance of temperature condition is necessary for the normal growth of plants therefore it is undesirable to place containers with the glass on windowsill, is cool there.
At cultivation of pepper on seedling from seeds it is very important to remember timely watering: the soil should not dry up, but also not to be too damp. Soil is sprayed from the spray for uniform distribution of moisture on surface.
As soon as there are first leaflets, pepper begin to feed up. For this purpose use the liquid complex fertilizers having not only potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, but also other microelements in structure. The main thing for seedling – laying of the developed root system and powerful, but not long, stalk. On the top at disclosure of cotyledonous leaves future buds arise. If plants have enough heat and illumination, then they develops correctly, and will well fructify.
When seedlings grow to 3-4 real leaves, pepper should be seated in separate pots. Often for this purpose use big plastic cups on which bottom fill a few pebbles for drainage, previously having made from below openings.
At change of seedling of pepper it is necessary to remember some rules:
1. It is impossible to bury plant stalk. Pepper do not give additional roots as tomatoes, and the trunk can decay in the earth.
2. It is impossible to cut off the central back, it is basis of all system.
3. It is impossible to bend root, it should be lowered accurately in the done funnel in soil.
4. It is impossible to plant seedlings in the wet earth (in dirt), when drying it will press plant stalk.
Young pepper carefully take out from previously humidified earth and transfer to funnel in new capacity, then condense soil and water with solution with fertilizer. It is undesirable to use as containers for seedling peat pots, they extend water from the soil therefore it is difficult to control its humidity.
That the grown-up seedling of pepper was not attacked by wreckers, generally plant louses, it in the preventive purposes is sprayed time in 10 days with the medicine ""Healthy Garden"". Solution should not be too concentrated – to steam of grains on water liter. But if the plant louse after all has appeared, concentration of medicine is increased or used Fitoverm which is absolutely safe for house application. It is possible to use national way of fight against plant louse: to wash away it soap solution or potassium permanganate, but it should be done often, in process of appearance of insects.
Pepper needs the warm damp atmosphere therefore in the open ground it is inexpedient to be grown up. Plants land in hotbeds or specially equipped small small greeneries.
The soil for cultivation of pepper is preparing beforehand, compost and mineral fertilizers are introduced since fall. Complex fertilizer is added at the rate of 30-40 g on square meter.
If soil is not filled, nutrients bring in hole, having carefully mixed with the earth. The hole spills water, after moisture absorption the sapling with lump of the earth is lowered in soil, powdered and condensed. Pepper as speak, plant ""family"" therefore it is the best of all to sit down on two in one hole even if they different grade. Saplings develop quicker and begin to fructify. It is impossible to combine in one hotbed sweet and bitter grades only at all, they pereopylitsya, and the huge harvest of bitter pepper will turn out. After landing once again is accurate to water hole (a little) and to zamulchirovat.
How to grow up pepper in the greenhouse? Pepper long enough takes root, at this time it is just watered as required. When plants are started up in growth, that is new leaves will appear, begin to feed up them. On bucket of water it is necessary to take 30 g (tablespoon) of superphosphate and potassium (it is desirable without chlorine) and 15 g of urea. Superphosphate and potassium are long dissolved therefore they are retted in warm water in advance. Bring on glass under plant. Pepper in general very much loves fertilizing therefore it can be fed every week. The plant praises on introduction at the roots of krapivny ferment for which fill nettle almost pailful, add spoon of superphosphate and glass of ashes. Leave for week, then use at the rate of ferment liter on water bucket. Watering of pepper is carried out regularly, in process of drying of the soil.
To grow up good pepper, bushes need to be formed from the very beginning of growth in the greenhouse. From stalks stepsons, especially in the lower part, to the first fork of leaves delete. Because the fruits which have grown on the lower stepsons will bury to the earth and will begin to start to rot, infecting the others.
As a rule, on bush leave two powerful branches, but it is possible to leave also three. The lower and finding plants in the middle leaves tear off to provide airing. At large number of ovaries superfluous delete because they will not be able to yield full-fledged fruits. On strong bush leave more pepper, and on weak reduce their quantity. It is the best of all to remove pepper in condition of biological ripeness, but many grades do not manage to ripen in the greenhouse. They are moved away and dozarivat indoors.