The durability of the building and comfort of accommodation in it directly depends on qualitative reliable roof. In modern construction various types of roofs are used. Also types of the building materials used for covering are various.
Roof design
By the form roof designs are lean-to, dual-slop, valmovy (chetyrekhskatny), mansard (broken lines), mnogoskatny. The most economic and simple design – lean-to roof. But it has unattractive appearance and therefore it is seldom used in inhabited construction. Single-pitch roofs do on garages, sheds, farm buildings.
The greatest distribution at construction of houses was received by double-pitch roofs. It is simple in construction, for its covering it is possible to use any roofing materials. The design of gable roof consists of the following elements: − racks and drag struts;
− inferior purlins and rafters; − furring; − roof; − ridge piece.
The rafter system (farm) consists of two legs connected among themselves and strengthened by drag struts and happens two types – trailing and sent. At construction of roof often use both types of farms. As material for rafters and furring metal can serve, but use tree because of availability, ease in processing and mounting, low cost more often. Section of the bar used for elements of rafter design of 15х15 or 20х20 cm. If rafters are established seldom (step more than 1.5 m), then section has to be more.
Installation of roof
By tradition the corner of slope becomes within 15−50 degrees, in many respects it depends on roofing material. Ratio material of roof and bias in degrees: - slate - 30−50; - professional flooring - 16−30; - metal tile - 30−45; - soft roof - 15−30. Begin construction of roof with installation of roof frames. On perimeter of building frame stack waterproofing material – roofing material, put on it and fix inferior purlins. Now establish rafter designs, it is possible to collect them on the earth and to lift upward, and it is possible to make assembly directly on the place. After installation of rafters, start creation of multilayered pie which will protect the building, to keep in it heat. Pie consists of such layers: − waterproofing; − vapor barrier; − thermal insulation. The waterproofing from membranes keeps within over rafters from below up with overlap of 10−15 cm, and fix its rails – it will be counterfurring. The following step – mounting of furring from boards which beat perendikulyarno to rafters. Under soft covering do continuous furring. Under slate, professional flooring, metal tile of board fill vrastyazhka. Then there is heater layer – polyfoam, fiber glass or the minvat. Over heater the vapor barrier, and final stroke – laying of roofing material keeps within.