One of the biggest troubles which can happen to the house (apart from, certainly, such cataclysms, as earthquake, flood or the fire) is emergence of cracks on its walls. If it happened, it is possible to claim with almost absolute confidence that the rupture of the base became the reason of their emergence. And meanwhile it is not so difficult to make base of the house rigid and reliable – besides correctly chosen depth of laying of the foundation, it is necessary to lay even at its filling in timbering armature.
It is required to you
- - reinforcing wire;
- - reinforcement bar;
- - welding machine;
- - lashing wire of Ø0.8-1.2 of mm;
- - tape measure;
- - grinder.
Instruction
1. Choose the scheme of placing of bars. Continuous footings work for compression and bend in vertical plane. Concerning compression you should not worry, concrete is capable to maintain heavy compression loads. And here the flexural stresses arising from the uneven draft of soil and its buckling constitute big danger. To neutralize it, it is necessary at the top of and in the bottom of the base on all its length to lay reinforcing rods with a diameter of 10-14 mm. Are often limited to laying of only four bars – two below and two above. In responsible constructions their number is increased to 6 – the 8. For isolation of armature from underground waters she has to settle down in the depth of the base at distance of 50-70 mm from all its surfaces (lower, top and side).
2. It is convenient to collect armature in the form of separate segments out of timbering, inserting them then into timbering and connecting among themselves in uniform steel framework. Bend from reinforcing wire of figure in the form of letter "P". The crossing point of letters will be located on base width therefore its length has to be less than width of the base on 100-140 mm. The ends are located vertically therefore their length has to be at the same size (100-140 mm) of less than height of the base. The number of preparations should be counted, proceeding from the total length of the base provided that the distance between them will be about 0.5 m.
3. Establish letters "P" on the earth by crossing points down in one row at distance of 0.5 m from each other. That they did not fall, tie them to the pegs thrust to the earth near them. Length of one segment of armature has to be such that it was convenient to be established in timbering – 2.5-3 m. Lay in letters "P" (in their corners) two reinforcing rods 2.5-3 m long and weld them on wire. Fix two more rods of the same length 200 mm above, having bound or having welded them on vertical pro-reducing dies (legs "П"). Connect these rods among themselves crossing points from wire or rods. The bottom reinforcing flange of segment consisting of 4 working rods has as a result turned out.
4. Create similar belt in upper part of framework. I.e. tie to vertical pro-reducing dies two rows of reinforcing rods with distance between ranks 200 mm. Connect them among themselves longitudinal sheaves. The armature segment consisting of the top and lower belts will be result of all work, each of which in turn consists of 4 working rods.
5. Make quantity of similar segments, necessary for all base. Establish them in timbering on supports from stones 50-70 mm high, providing thereby necessary gap between armature and bottom of the base. The distance from armature to timbering from sides has to be the same (50-70 mm). The ends of rods of the next segments have to block each other on 200-250 mm. Connect each couple of the ends among themselves by three curlings of lashing wire (on two on the ends and one – in the middle).
6. Bend at an angle 90 ° necessary quantity of the reinforcing rods intended for connection of segments on base corners – on eight on each corner. Connect them adjacent segments. Parameters of connection have to be the same, as in the previous step: overlapping of rods not less, than on 200-250 mm, quantity of curlings of wire not less than 3 on each connection. On it the placing of bars to the base can be considered complete.