Sayings which say that the base is basis only are right. At construction of the house not to do without it in any way. It is important to understand what its look will be optimum on the specific site.
Views of the bases
Allocate the 3rd main types of the base: pile, jellied (tape) and block. The first quite expensive. On house perimeter under future load bearing walls several piles are driven in into the earth. They get into soil deeply, pass through layer of mobile clay and lean on steady layer.
Almost same effect gives the buried continuous footing. Depending on the weight of the building, type of soil, level of groundwater occurrance, it is done from 60 to 200 cm in depth. If underground waters lie deeply and not heavy house is under construction of tree (but not brick), then it is possible to build melkozaglublenny continuous footing.
Usually do the column base of small blocks. It is justified on sandy soils where is not present or small layer of mobile clayey ground.
Column or continuous footing?
Construction of continuous footing is more labor-consuming, than the device of column. It is required more than material, physical inputs. To make the jellied base, at first it is necessary to dig trench. Its depth has to be lower than the level of freezing of the soil. If underground waters are located highly, then at first it is necessary to make drainage of the site, having dug out drainage ditches on its perimeter. After all preliminary works are done, in trench the sand-gravel pillow is arranged. It is spilled water and carefully stamped. Then arrange framework from armature and only then fill in concrete – ready or own production. It has to get not only into depth, but also tower over soil level on 30-50 cm. Do monolithic basis of the house and of foundation blocks. For their unloading and installation the hoisting crane is necessary. Blocks are also installed on sandy pillow, seams between them close up cement. The jellied base is better block on soils with high level of underground water. Over time they can wash away cement jointings. In aspic there is armature which helps to create uniform monolithic construction. Usually block system is used as house basis where there will be basement. From blocks the first floor is built quicker – it is not necessary to construct timbering, to install fittings, to wait for month until concrete hardens.
On soils with low underground waters for the house with the basement the base from blocks is better. In other cases it is more preferable jellied.
Under light-weight wood structures on sandy soils and "not problem" loam construct the column base from small blocks. Such design does not demand big expenses and is built very quickly.