The structure of atom is one of basic subjects of a course of chemistry which is based on ability to use the table "The Periodic Table of D.I. Mendeleyev". It not only the chemical elements systematized and located under certain laws, but also information well, including about the structure of atom. Knowing features of reading this unique reference material, it is possible to give total quality and quantity characteristic to atom.
It is required to you
- I. Mendeleyev's table
Instruction
1. In D.I. Mendeleyev's table as a multi-storey apartment house there "live" chemical elements, each of which occupies the own apartment. Thus, each of elements has the certain serial number specified in the table. Numbering of chemical elements begins from left to right, and from above. In the table horizontal ranks are called the periods, and vertical columns – groups. It is important because by number of group or the period it is possible to give characteristic to some parameters of atom also.
2. Atom represents chemically indivisible particle but at the same time consisting of smaller components to which it is possible to carry protons (positively charged particles) electrons (are loaded negatively) and neutrons (neutral particles). The bulk of atom is concentrated in a kernel (at the expense of protons and neutrons) around which electrons rotate. In general atom elektroneytralen, that is in it quantity of positive charges coincides with quantity negative, therefore, the number of protons and electrons is identical. The positive charge of an atomic nucleus takes place to be just at the expense of protons.
3. It is necessary to remember that serial number of chemical element quantitatively coincides with an atomic nucleus charge. Therefore to define a charge of an atomic nucleus it is necessary to look at what number there is this chemical element.
4. Example No. 1. To define a carbon atomic nucleus charge (C). We begin to analyze chemical element carbon, being guided by D.I. Mendeleyev's table. Carbon is in "apartment" No. 6. Therefore, it has a charge of a kernel +6 at the expense of 6 protons (positively charged particles) which are located in a kernel. Considering that atom elektroneytralen, so too will be 6 electrons.
5. Example No. 2. To define a charge of an atomic nucleus of aluminum (Al). Aluminum has serial number - No. 13. Therefore, aluminum +13 atomic nucleus charge (at the expense of 13 protons). Also there will be 13 Elektronov.
6. Example No. 3. To define a charge of an atomic nucleus of silver (Ag). Silver has serial number - No. 47. Means, a silver atomic nucleus charge + 47 (at the expense of 47 protons). Electrons also 47.