Chloride of sodium is the most ordinary table salt which people daily eat. In terms of the chemical composition represents connection which consists of atoms of sodium and chlorine. In solution table salt breaks up (or dissociates) to sodium ions and also chloride ions, and on each of them there is a characteristic reaction allowing to define them.
It is required to you
- - test tubes;
- - heating device;
- - silver nitrate;
- - wire;
- - filter paper;
- - nippers or tweezers.
Instruction
1. To define qualitative composition of chloride of sodium, it is necessary to pick up a laboratory glassware (test tubes) and the heating device with an open flame. It can be a spirit-lamp or a torch. In addition the wire, filter paper and reactants will be required.
2. Qualitative reaction on sodium. Take filter paper, impregnate it with solution of chloride of sodium and dry up. Repeat these actions several times that concentration of ions of sodium became more that will provide reliability of an experiment. Take the received sample tweezers or crucible nippers and bring in a flame of a spirit-lamp or a torch. Habitual color of a flame will replace the coloring with bright yellow. It demonstrates to existence in compound of sodium.
3. It is possible to arrive a little differently, namely without paper use. Take a wire, on one end bend a small eyelet and calcinate it on a flame. Lower an eyelet in sodium chloride solution then bring it in a flame of the heating device. As a result of experience there will be a bright yellow coloring of a flame that is high-quality reaction to sodium.
4. High-quality reaction to a chlorine ion. Take any soluble salt of silver as in interaction of ions of silver to ions of chlorine there is a loss of a deposit. You can look at solubility of salts according to the table of solubility. Silver nitrate use will be an optimal variant. Pour 2 ml of chloride of sodium in a test tube and carefully add 2 ml of solution of nitrate of silver. As a result of reaction the white deposit of chloride of silver which existence demonstrates presence at the studied solution of ions of chlorine instantly will drop out.