Participles and adverbial participles, as well as participial and verbal adverb phrases, perform different functions in the offer, play different roles. They also have pronounced morphological differences.
Instruction
1. The participle (participial phrase) surely belongs to the defined word – a noun or a pronoun, depends on it, changes on numbers, childbirth and cases, has full and – some – a short form. For example: the smiling person; us who endorsed this document … Other personalized parts of speech if they are used in value of a noun also can act as the defined word. For example: the tidied-up dining room; "154th", asked landing... (about the plane). The adverbial participle or a verbal adverb phrase belongs only to a verb predicate and designates additional action at the basic expressed by a verb. Unlike a participle, an adverbial participle – an unchangeable word form. For example: lay, without moving; froze, standing on wind.
2. The participle and a participial phrase perform in the offer definition functions – single or widespread, coordinated or uncoordinated, isolated or not isolated. For example: The calmed-down trees silently and obediently dropped yellow leaves. Participles in a short form are used only as a personalized part of a compound predicate. E.g.: Hair are silvered by an early gray hair. The adverbial participle and a verbal adverb phrase act as various circumstances. Turning pale, the dawn calms down (I. Nikitin).
3. The formal signs distinguishing participles and adverbial participles are suffixes. In school classes all information on suffixes is consolidated in tables which are placed on walls. For convenience they can be written out, for example, on a notebook cover. Word-formation suffixes of active participles: - ushch-(-yushch-), - ashch-(-box); - vsh-, - highway-; passive: - ohms - (-I eat-), - to them-; - enn-, - nn-, - t-.Slovoobrazovatelnye suffixes of adverbial participles of imperfective and perfective aspect: - and - - I - - teach - - yuchi-, - in - - louses - - shi-.