For a start we will define what is a hypothesis. The hypothesis is the assumption explaining essence, opportunities, properties, the reasons, structure and interrelations of the studied phenomena. At the same time they have to be proved and checked, theoretically or experimentally.
Instruction
1. To formulate a hypothesis, it is necessary to formulate, first of all, accurately a subject and an object of a hypothesis and also the purpose – why we need this hypothesis. If, for example, it is interesting to you why the cat sleeps all day, and runs as at night got, then – if you do not write scientific work, – the explanation of behavior of a cat will be sufficient, proceeding from practical reasons and being guided by common sense (for example, at night owners sleep, and it is boring for a cat). If you make a hypothesis for scientific research, it is necessary to remember, in the research you intend to receive new knowledge of the studied phenomenon. And if you are sure (or you assume) that, putting forward, and then checking the hypothesis explaining strange behavior of a cat you receive new knowledge, then "the behavior of animals" will be a hypothesis subject (subject domain). We specify a subject: behavior of cat's – behavior of domestic cats – feature of behavior of domestic cats depending on time of day. This specific domestic cat (a hypothesis single), some cats, including house (a private hypothesis) or all cats as a class (general hypothesis) can be an object of a hypothesis.
2. To define a circle of the theories in this case explaining why domestic cats sleep in the afternoon, and are active at night. To answer a question: whether it is possible to explain behavior of this cat, proceeding from the existing theories and if yes, that as? Here the word "as" because we have to assume enough clearly is important, own hypothesis will be how exactly confirmed. Perhaps, it will become clear that there are no theories proceeding from which it is possible to receive the necessary explanation at all (or theories are, but contradict each other), – in this case the hypothesis will be "worker". If, for example, the facts of rather this cat are not entered in the existing theories, then for an explanation of these concrete facts it is necessary to formulate "ad hoc hypothesis" (for this case).
3. And now you start actually a formulation of a hypothesis which consists of three parts. The first part begins the words "it is known that …" and describes the phenomenon, essence, structure which properties need to be explained. The second part begins the words "at the same time in the researches existing at the moment the insufficient lighting was received by a question as." – and further you describe that you want to explain). The third part begins words: "As a hypothesis we offer the following explanation …" – and further own version of an explanation of essence (or properties, the reasons, structure and interrelations) the studied phenomenon is stated.