Metals are chemical elements which have special differences from other elements, nonmetals. For example, metals have higher electric conductance unlike dielectrics and semiconductors. Also they have good heat conductivity. Except for mercury, all metals are solid substances in ordinary conditions. Receive metals in various ways, some of them can use.
It is required to you
- Bivalent oxide of copper, hydrochloric acid, zinc, coal, manganous peroxide, aluminum, magnesium.
Instruction
1. Crush bivalent oxide of copper in powder and place it in a test tube. By means of a spirit-lamp heat a test tube.
2. In other test tube pour diluted hydrochloric or sulfuric acids and put a small piece of zinc there. Close a test tube with acid a cover with an exhaust tube. In interaction of zinc with the diluted acid hydrogen will be emitted. Ship the second end of a tube in a test tube with heated oxide of copper. At reaction of hydrogen and bivalent oxide of copper, water and pure copper is formed.
3. To receive copper without the aid of hydrogen, it is necessary to mix the crushed bivalent oxide of copper with coal powder. Fill mix in a crucible, and having leaky covered, put it in the furnace or on a fire. When heating, coal will restore oxide to metal copper, and carbon dioxide is in passing formed. After cooling, fill in the received mix with water and shake up, heavy copper in the form of brown stones will accumulate on a bottom, and the remained coal will emerge on a surface.
4. Take 12 grams of manganous peroxide (manganese oxide) and 4 grams of aluminum shaving. Carefully mix these two components and place mix in a porcelain container. Strew mix with magnesian dust and insert into it a long piece of a magnesian foil.
5. Being at distance, set fire to a magnesian foil. Reaction will happen to flash, after the end of reaction you receive caked metal manganese, oxide of aluminum and not reacted residues of initial substances. Similar process belongs to a metalthermie.