The last hundred years is an era of revolutions. Also it is not so much about the national disorders designed to change a political situation, how many about discoveries which really affected life of each person.
Albert Einstein and his theory of relativity
In 1916 Albert Einstein completed development of the general theory of relativity. Exactly thanks to this important opening it became clear that gravitation represents not result of interaction of fields and bodies, but a curvature of four-dimensional space of time. The theory of relativity allowed to predict many open is later than the phenomenon. For example, effect of delay of time.
The effect of delay of time is interestingly described "Keep in the fantastic story by Alexander Belyaev on the West!"
At the moment the general theory of relativity is applied to all systems of the report. Einstein needed 11 years to finish the most part of calculations. However these data allowed to describe a curve orbit of Mercury, having validated thereby conclusions of the scientist. Black holes became one more confirmation of the theory of relativity.
Ernest Rutherford and neutrons
In 1920 Ernest Rutherford shocked participants of a meeting of the British association of assistance of development of sciences. He tried to prove why positively charged particles do not make a start. Rutherford suggested that in an atomic nucleus except protons there are also other particles approximately equal to protons on weight. The scientist suggested to call them neutrons. Members of association made fun of Rutherford, however in 10 years the Germans Becker and Botha noticed the strange radiation appearing at beryllium radiation by alpha particles. This radiation was formed not by the so known particles. In 2 years, namely on January 18, 1932, Frédéric and Iren Zholio-Curie's spouses directed the radiation opened for Botha and Becker to heavy atoms. So was the principle of creation of artificial radioactivity is open. On February 27 the same year James Chadwick repeated Zholio-Curie's experiments as a result of which those particles were open, about Rutherford told which 12 years ago. Opening of neutrons led to dumping of atomic bombs to Nagasaki and Hiroshima, to Cold War, development of nuclear power, wide use of radioisotopes.
Patrick Steptow, Bob Evards and the first child from a test tube
On July 26, 1978 Lesley Brown gave birth to the charming girl Louise. It can be considered one of the most significant events for the last hundred years. The child was not ordinary. Louise became the first child from a test tube. Lesley and Gilbert Brown within 9 years tried to conceive the child, but nothing was impossible. The reason was in impassability of uterine tubes of Lesley. The embryologist Edwards and the gynecologist Steptow found a way to take an ovum from a female body so that it kept integrity. Besides, they thought up how to place a cage in a test tube, understood when it has to be impregnated and again "to place" to the woman. The technique received the name of in vitro fertilization. By 2007 in the world there were already more than two million children conceived in such a way.
British scientists and Dolly the sheep
On July 5, 1996 the staff of institute of Roslin that is in Great Britain, could make sure that their long-term work was not vain. That day the sheep, nowadays world renowned as Dolly the sheep was born. The ovum of an adult sheep was taken, and then deprived of a kernel. On a vacant place the cellular kernel of other adult sheep was placed. When the embryo began to be formed, it was placed back in a uterus of an animal and began to wait for the birth of a unique lamb.
Before 296 times were carried out attempts of cloning, but embryos perished at different stages
Dolley not just was born in the put time, and lived the whole six years. On February 14, 2003 the first cloned lamb died of a set of "senile" diseases.