Soil is a soil, rocks, precipitation and also various multicomponent formations which are a part of the geological environment and forming earth blankets. For studying various soil and their physical and chemical properties there is a pedology science.
Depending on origin and durability, soil is rocky, semi-rocky, sandy and clay. Rocky are solid, waterproof and incompressible rocks: granite, sandstone, limestone. Semi-rocky – the solid rocks in the form of pieces having ability to compression and waterproof. Sandy consist of grains and grains of sand of rocks the sizes of 0.05 mm and more. Clay have the sizes of grains of sand of 0.05 mm and less. Soil is considered by pedology as object of technical human activity.
The most significant characteristics of soil are their mineral structure, structure and texture. From physical parameters distinguish the granulated structure, porosity, humidity, temperature, heat conductivity, a razrykhlyaemost and compactibility. Depending on water content in soil distinguish properties of plasticity, a razbukhayemost, a namokayemost, stickiness and water permeability.
Durability of soil is defined by its ability to resist compression, stretching, shift, cutting and digging. Treats mechanical characteristics as well as coupling, abrasivity and bearing capacity. From the biological and agricultural point of view soil often is considered as the soil. The soil is the independent natural body which naturally arose on the Earth's surface and consisting of mineral and organic matter, water and air. The main properties of soils is a mineral and particle size distribution, structure of its organic components, new growths and inclusions. Both soil, and soils have very important economic value for any state. Soil is used as a basis for construction of all land and underground objects. In the soil and on the soil 95% of food in the world are grown up. Rocky soil, inconvenient for construction, complicate construction of buildings, roads and constructions. Degradation of soils leads to crop failures and hunger.