As Saint-Exupéry told: communication is the only luxury of the person. Any who realizes multifunctionality of this daily process which accompanies us all life will agree with it without dispute. We also do not notice when we and with whom what types of communication we use, do not notice the motives, desires to communication, and meanwhile, communication is recognized as one of basic needs of the person, on an equal basis with food, water and oxygen. To look at the communicative activity consciously, we will investigate types of communication in psychology, we will look at the round-the-clock chatter from the scientific point of view.
Types of communication
In social psychology divide two main types of communication:
- target communication;
- tool communication.
Target communication arises for satisfaction of human requirement, that is, this communication without the purpose or communication for the sake of communication. Tool communication means that the contact is the tool for achievement of the prime targets. For example, tool communication is used at aspiration to achievements, success is achievable only in interaction with other people or at aspiration to the power, the power assumes to order someone.
In psychology it is also possible to divide main types of communication depending on your purpose.
- The contact of masks arises when you want to hide the emotions, feelings, thoughts from the interlocutor and do not wish to learn his feelings, thoughts, etc. Politeness formulas, standard expressions with the corresponding mimicry and gesticulation are in that case used.
- The most primitive communication arises only in cases when from the interlocutor something is necessary to you and when your requirement is satisfied, you without hiding the initial purposes, stop communication to the following need.
- The formal and role type of communication assumes emphasis on the social status of the person, from it and both regulations, and a topic of conversation will depend.
- At business communication the interests of business are always higher, than personal preferences, sympathies and moods of interlocutors.
- Manipulation is a type of communication when various means one interlocutor tries to subordinate himself the second. It can be both flattery, and threats - the purpose all the same one.
- Secular communication – is pointless. Always there are certain regulations which dictate about what it is accepted and what it is not accepted to speak about. And the fact that you will tell or that will be told you does not guarantee at all that the interlocutor quite so also considers. Secular communication has no relation to truthfulness and the personal points of view.
Communication functions
The main function of communication is a formation I which arises as at internal dialogue (when the person talks to himself), and at communication with surrounding people, kind of in a conversation once again convincing itself of the correctness or opening a new image of sense.
Regardless of the purposes and types of communication, in psychology there is also a division into functions which serve as motivators in our life.
The first function is perseptivny or touch when communication is resulted by either polarization (rejection), or an attraction. This process is based on manifestation of all palette of human feelings and definition - strangers.
The second function – information and informative, during communication we transfer each other information, emotions, impressions.
The third function concerns groups of people and means simultaneous communication of several interlocutors. In the course of interactive communication each interlocutor can influence motives, the purposes, the interests of other interlocutors.
As soon as the person was not called: both Homo Sapiens (reasonable), and Homo Habilis (skillful), and and much others still names our human society can think up Homo Faber (making). But one name suits us as it is impossible by the way - it is Homo Communicans that means, the person communicating.