At first sight, the majority of sports competitions look rather simply and is even primitive. But it absolutely not so – to avoid confusion or misunderstanding of the situation, at each sport exists the accurate regulations and the set of rules which were formed for years. "Overtime", as well as many other important concepts, was entered and improved during all lifetime of sports meets.
The regulations provide the accurate period of time during which there is the match or the match in many competitions. And sometimes it happens that for the allowed time of the winner doesn't manage to be defined. For this purpose also "overtime" – the overtime capable to present one joy of the victory, and to others - bitterness of defeat is thought up.
Overtime, depending on the tournament or sport, has the features. To understand a little similar subtleties, it is necessary to consider the overtimes existing in different types of sport.
Overtime in soccer
Rules of the most popular sport on the planet are considered as very simple. But they so many time were exposed to changes, additions and cancellations that now it is difficult to tell for certain how many they were and how many they exist today. The overtime in the form in which we can observe it now, appeared not at once. First as the alternative served replays — in case the meeting came to an end with the draw, then the repeated match was played next day. Such form existed not for long as replays strongly exhausted players and fans, and matches were less spectacular.
In the majority of competitions there is the regular championship. Draw of the trophy is conducted throughout the season (almost whole year), teams meet and score points. Gained the greatest number of points becomes the champion. In such draws the identification of the winner in each match isn't required.
But besides the main championship, there is the huge number of other competitions (especially much them in England), draws of cups are carried out throughout the season by the principle of "Playoffs", in other words matches on elimination. To define the winner of the meeting, at this stage and the overtime is used. In soccer competitions it is two intervals of time fifteen minutes, but if after that on the score-board the draw shines, appoint the penalty shootout.
In the 1993rd football associations thought up the innovation which, according to them, had to increase staginess of the forthcoming matches. Within the playoffs began to use the principle of "Golden goal". If after intense ninety minutes of full time on the score-board the equal result flaunted, referees appointed the overtime – 2 fifteen-minute periods. The first scored goal turned the outcome of all match.
This principle was applied in the European championship of 1996 then "golden goal", the first in the history of sport, was scored. Oliver Bierhoff became the author of the ball, victorious for Germany.
This rule was used also on the FIFA World Cup of 1998, here the French athlete Laurent Blanc who scored the national team of Paraguay on 1/8 Cups became the pioneer. Despite active use, "golden goal" didn't take root, it was abolished in 2004.
Without stopping trying to diversify the principles of soccer, in the same 2004 entered the principle of "The silver goal" which was applied in the European championship. If the goal was scored in the first 15 minutes of the overtime, then the game didn't continue. The silver goal almost didn't prove in any way and wasn't reflected in the outcome of the majority of matches. And therefore after the end of the championship, council of football associations cancelled this rule and soccer returned to the traditional overtime and after match penalties.
Ice hockey
"Battles on the ice" too came not at once to the overtime, moreover, the modern hockey is almost not similar to the early forms. Now the concept "draw" of the hockey environment doesn't exist in principle. If before team fought for two points and in case of the draw just halved them, then with arrival of the three-point system of the rule were reconsidered.
The draw was abolished, and overtimes more often began to appear in matches. The winner received 3 points if the match came to an end in full time, and in the overtime or after match bullets (penalty analog) of team divided points: two to the winner and one loser.
In NHL, and for quite some time now and in KHL the rules were changed again: as before, are played out 2 point, but there is no draw. The winning team receives two points irrespective of, the match in full time or additional ended. The lost team doesn't receive points in full time, but in case of the overtime loss or on bullets writes down one point in the asset.
Matches in hockey are played in format 5 on 5 players plus goalkeepers who try to overcome the opponent for three twenty-minute times. This scheme remains invariable both in matches of the regular championship, and on the playoffs.
As for overtimes then there is the obvious difference: in regular chempionate3 on 3 players "roll away" one additional five-minute period on which expiration bullets are appointed, and in the playoffs in case of the equal score play 4 on 4 everything one additional twenty-minute period, without bullets. If the overtime is not productive, appoint one more, and so to the first washer. As a result hockey matches, to pleasure of television fans, can last as far as hours.
Other sports
In ball hockey the overtime – the phenomenon almost mystical and unreal, the equal score here the unusual occurrence, and in tournaments of the playoffs and that is more rare. Nevertheless draws happen, and purpose of the overtime in case of the draw is stated in regulations: two ten-minute pieces by the rule of same "golden goal" – that is to the first goal.
There is the purpose of overtime and at the list of basketball rules. If after four quarters on the score-board identical figures shine, the five-minute overtime is appointed. If this time isn't enough definition of the winning party, add 5 more minutes – and so to the bitter end.
In rugby-7 after the draw in full time two times five minutes are appointed, opponents play before the first productive action of one of the parties.
In American football (don't confuse with rugby, it is only its version!) there is also the overtime. If teams "won back on the draw", it appoint additional 15 minutes, but it is the maximum and if teams don't manage to gain the additional point, the score remains tied. And here in playoff games of this sport the overtimes are appointed until the winner is defined.
Overtime is fixed also in single combats, for example in wrestling. Having scored identical quantity of points after full time, fighters get the chance to win in the overtime which lasts before the first productive action, but no more than three minutes.
Alternative to the overtime
In some sports the need of the overtime is excluded by regulations of competitions. In volleyball, for example, the match goes prior to the victory of one of teams in three sets. The maximum quantity of sets — five, thus turns out that the draw excludes itself.
Approximately the same situation and in tennis: participants play prior to the victory in two sets, in large tournaments of the man play up to three sets.
In both sports if the deciding set comes to an end with the identical score, the tie-break in which the victory is awarded to the player or team, the first scored the certain quantity of points is appointed.
It is also possible to allocate baseball. This sport very strongly differs from the others, but also there is the certain similarity of the overtime. The match is divided into "innings", all their nine. If on the termination of the match the score remains equal, one more inning – and so prior to the victory of one of teams is appointed.