People are familiar with dolphins not one century. In the middle of the last century the serious studying these surprising inhabitants of the ocean began. And that they are surprising and are even unique - it is impossible to doubt. For example, distant ancestors of cetacea lived once on, and then, for some reason, returned to the ocean. Dolphins breathe oxygen. But only recently it became clear how they manage to sleep in the ocean and do not sink at the same time. And, perhaps, dolphins prepared for scientists many riddles and opening.
These surprising dolphinsScientists with an ulterior motive call dolphins intellectuals of the sea. And business at all not that the brain of a dolphin weighs more, than a brain of the person. Scientists defined – dolphins think out to themselves names, know how call relatives. Moreover, they are capable to talk about someone the third, calling it by name. On the earth nobody, except the person has no such potential.
Besides, researches showed that language of dolphins, as well as human, is subdivided into sounds, syllables, words, offers simple and difficult and paragraphs.
As for sounds, dolphins much more surpass people. They can conduct dialogue, being in kilometer from each other. And are in case of need capable to hear another and for 20 km. The body of a dolphin is extremely functional. Front fins perform functions of a wheel, and back works as the rowing screw. They are capable to gather the speed of 60-65 km/h.
Gray's paradox, and not only. The known "Gray's paradox" is connected with high high-speed opportunities of dolphins.
Professor Gray, the expert in biomechanics, counted: to gather so considerable speeds at that resistance which water shows to any moving subject the dolphins have to in 7 be stronger than times.
Max Cameron tried to explain Gray's paradox. He considered that it is all about elastic skin of a dolphin. It is known that all objects at the movement in water, create vortex streams on which repayment a lot of energy leaves. The dolphin does not create vortex streams, he is kind of screwed in in water. And his skin has unique properties - it self-regulates, and can change at any time the elasticity on any part of the body. In interaction with water these properties promote muting of turbulence directly near a body of an animal. Later professor Hagivara, the employee of the Kyoto Institute of Technologies, found out that all outer layer of skin of dolphins is completely updated each two hours. The carried-out tests allowed to establish that particles of the dumped layer of skin destroy the formed vortex streams and muffle turbulence of water. But even it is not capable to explain unambiguously why dolphins are capable to gather such high speed.
After all, it became clear that Gray nevertheless was mistaken, and dolphins are stronger, than he thought. For example, at a butylkonosy dolphin the blow of a tail is 10 times more powerful, than it was supposed earlier.
Dolphins can also, quite deeply dive. The trained Atlantic afalina is capable to plunge of depth up to 300 m and to remain under water within 12-15 minutes. How can the animal who breathes oxygen do without it so long? It appears, tissues of a body of a dolphin are capable to accumulate oxygen. In case of need, the organism of an animal uses these earlier saved up stocks.