It is no secret that economic activity of the person, especially in the last hundred years, caused irreparable damage to the environment, and the ecological situation on the planet becomes worse. Namely the ecology defines degree of suitability of the planet for comfortable existence of all live. Studying ecology, becomes more and more demanded – the mankind already feels that irreparable damage and that danger which are caused by destruction of elements of the biosphere and communications between them.
Ecology and its types
The global ecology is engaged in studying the biosphere as the global ecological system consisting of a set of elements and structures closely interacting and dependent from each other. But issues of this interaction are so extensive that need of narrower specialization and their allocation in the separate directions appeared. Besides, the ecology does not exist in itself – its close connection with economy, medicine, psychology, rules of law and pedagogics is traced. Complex influence of all these disciplines is capable to establish control over those factors which worsen ecology, to develop at the population of the planet a new view and new approach to interaction with the surrounding nature.
Division of ecology into theoretical and applied branches became an objective necessity of scientific and practical approach to the solution of environmental issues. The theoretical ecology is engaged in studying the general regularities concerning the vital processes proceeding in the biosphere.
The applied ecology studies the mechanisms destroying the biosphere started as a result of rash human activity and also the ways and methods capable to stop and compensate it. Besides, the applied ecology is engaged in development of the principles, technologies and techniques of rational use of the natural resources excluding degradation of the environment and biosphere in general.
Directions of applied ecology
Studying destructive impact of economic activity of the person and ways of their compensation is conducted in several directions which all treat applied ecology, it:
- industrial ecology; - agricultural ecology; - medical ecology; - ecology of the urban environment; - chemical ecology; - economic ecology; - engineering ecology; - legal ecology. Scientific approach consists in development of a complete system of the general rules, laws and principles to which human activity in all applied areas would submit and which would allow to minimize or to absolutely exclude adverse effect of this activity on the environment. On the basis of mathematical modeling of current state of ecosystems ecologists - scientists and practicians - participate in development of the innovative ways and technologies reducing load of them, the processes of rehabilitation and restoration of the habitat allowing to start in certain cases.