Each child develops at own speed. It can be ahead in something of peers, and in something and lag behind. It is important to parents to know how intellectual development of the child corresponds to average indicators for his age. Insignificant deviations can be corrected even without the address to the psychologist or the expert in the field of correctional pedagogics.
It is required to you
- - average indicators of intellectual development of children of this age:
- - data of observations of the child;
- - toys and household goods or pictures with their images.
Instruction
1. To define how intellectual development of your child meets standard for this age, it is necessary to have average data. You will be helped, for example, by the Program of education with kindergarten. There it is told that the child in each age group has to know and be able. Tutors and psychologists when carry out diagnostics operate with these data. Consider that intellectual development has three components — emotional, speech and logical. So or other can be prevailing.
2. Intellectual development of the child about one year can be defined, systematically watching it. Whether the kid shows interest in the world around? Whether it reacts to irritants? Whether distinguishes close relatives? Call to the six-month-old child familiar objects and you ask to show. Check compliance of speech development of the kid to his age. But if the child does not hurry to begin to talk, do not worry. It does not mean a delay of speech development yet. If the one-year-old kid with interest treats the world around, investigates everything that falls into hands and instead of words uses signs — everything normally.
3. Diagnostics of intellectual development of children of early and preschool age is carried out in several directions. Check knowledge of the child of him and of the world around. The one-and-a-half-year-old kid has to know the name and respond on it. In three years he already knows the surname, and in four — a name, a surname and belonging to the defined sex. The child in five years has to know the address, be able to define time of year and day. In six years he has to be guided on hours, know days of the week and months, and about itself to be able to make the coherent story. This story includes not only biographical particulars, but also hobbies, circles where it is engaged , etc.
4. Define, your child is how quick-witted. At different age different types of thinking prevail. Almost at all younger preschool children the basic are evident and figurative and evident and effective types. The child cannot independently establish relationships of cause and effect yet. Do not worry if he having faced the task similar to previous, will not be able to solve it at once, and will begin to experiment. The kid just masters research methods. The senior preschool child has to expect already that he will turn out if he makes certain actions. The three-year-old child puts on a jacket just because it is put on by mom. Six-year-old has to explain that on the street it is cold therefore it is necessary to put on more warmly.
5. Check as far as your kid is able to generalize objects or the phenomena. In four years at it the simplest generalizing concepts - "wares", "furniture", "clothes" have to be already created. Create a game situation. Pile different objects of use and suggest the child to sort them. More difficult generalizations are available to the senior preschool child. For example, he can spread out ware to destination, having separated that in which prepare, from cups and plates. Your task is to define as far as the child is able to mark out essential signs. If at younger preschool age he still has the right for similar mistakes, then at the child of preschool age of a mistake in classification can already be a symptom of a mental disease. If he constantly is mistaken and marks out without a special task insignificant signs as the main, show it to the psychiatrist.
6. Whether your child can concentrate attention? Remember that the preschool child is not able to hold in the sphere of attention many objects at the same time. Usually their quantity is calculated by a formula "age minus one". That is the child at the same time watches several objects if their quantity is one less, than years to the kid. Consider it during creation of game situations. For example, show to the four-year-old kid 3 objects in a certain sequence. Remove objects and suggest the child to call them in the same order.
7. At the senior preschool child the concentration of attention can be checked, having suggested it to find objects of certain signs in the room. For example, it can be big circles, small triangles, green squares , etc. the Child has to keep both signs in the sphere of attention.
8. Learn whether the child why any given objects are necessary understands. At the younger preschool child set has to be the simplest — a table, a chair, a cup, a jacket. He can answer in monosyllables. The chair is necessary that on it to sit. A set of objects for diagnostics of inductive thinking of the senior preschool child is quite big. The child already knows very much about the world around and is able to establish relationships of cause and effect. It is possible to ask about everything that surrounds the child. It is possible to make an experiment, having shown an unknown subject in shop and having asked what it can be intended for. Observe whether the child will mark out essential signs and whether will manage to connect them with alleged actions.
9. An important indicator is mathematical thinking. The three-year-old child has to be able to distinguish the brightest geometrical forms — a circle and a square, a cube and a brick. He can understand where one subject and where — there is a lot of. If the kid is gradually learned to consider, then by four years he has to be able to count to three. The senior preschool child knows the main geometrical figures and bodies, is able to count up to ten and to perform the main mathematical operations.