Phosphorus is the macrocell which is taking part practically in all vital processes of an organism. In a human body phosphorus is almost completely concentrated in a bone tissue and teeth, however the remained 10% of a macrocell are distributed on all body and involved in activity of each cage. Therefore it is very important that the element was present at an organism in necessary quantity as it is the key to health and good health.
Description and characteristic
The bearing light an element — is quite so translated phosphorus from Ancient Greek language — is widespread in the nature and makes nearly 0.9% of weight of the globe. The high chemical activity of an element promotes that it practically never exists in a natural, clean look and therefore it is possible to find it generally as a part of various connections.
Whether you know? Phosphorus is the first chemical element which emergence was documented. But the feature of opening is not in it at all, and that the alchemist H. Brant found phosphorus in attempt to open a legendary philosophers' stone. Also it did it by means of special golden liquid — urine. As a result the alchemist, of course, did not invent a stone, but the element here shining opened.
Business card of a macrocell it is considered to be a specific luminescence in the dark for what it also was nicknamed by ancient Greeks lightful. And in a human body the weight of all phosphorus will be from half a kilogram and practically to kilogram. However until the end of the XIX century the scientists knew nothing about an important role of an element in activity of an organism yet though his pioneer H. Brant also earned considerable money on the shining crystals opened for them, the price for which exceeded even gold cost.
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Now distinguish phosphorus in two types: white and red powder. And in a white look the element is almost colourless, is tverdokristallichesky and instantly is oxidized oxygen. And at oxidation, smoke and a characteristic specific smell — garlic appear.
Functions and role in an organism
Participation in all exchange processes of an organism is the first and major function of the shining element. Practically all content of phosphorus is concentrated in human bones and teeth. In connection with calcium this macrocell forms all internal mineral structure of a bone, providing it with the necessary durability and mechanical endurance.
Whether you know? If bones of the person consisted mainly of calcium, or there would be a surplus of the last, then the bone could be compared to glass which very firm by the nature, but is not plastic at all and is damaged or fights from any, even not heavy blow.
One of the most important functions of phosphorus consists in its power carriage — it means that exactly thanks to it the eaten food is transformed to energy owing to what there is possible a work of muscle, bodies, a brain. In cages as a special and universal power source ATP — adenosine triphosphoric acid which the shining element without fail enters that is visible even from the name of connection acts. And phosphorus is a carrier of energy.
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Besides, this macrocell takes participation in all metabolic processes of an organism, promotes producing carbohydrates and proteins. Also he takes active part in cellular activity as he enters into structure of a cellular membrane in the form of phosphoproteins and phospholipids. Besides phosphorus participates also in processes of growth and cell fission, storage and transfer to them of genetic information as the element is also a part of nucleinic acids (DNA and RNA). Phosphorus influences work of nervous system as participates in process of transfer of nervous impulses. Besides he takes part also in a fermentoobrazovaniye, maintains acid-base balance and improves assimilation by a glucose organism.
So, the main functions and advantage of phosphorus for an organism is that an element:
- is the key to growth and restoration of an organism in general and all its systems and bodies in particular;
- supports a normal metabolism;
- normalizes work of a cardiovascular system;
- promotes the correct course of intracellular processes;
- regulates balance of liquid in an organism;
- promotes strengthening of bones and teeth;
- takes participation in work of nervous system;
- activates effects of vitamins;
- is the main power source in an organism.
Important! Calcium and phosphorus form an ideal tandem. Their joint receipt in an organism promotes full assimilation of both elements and supports an ideal ratio of calcium and phosphorus (2 to 1) in bones and teeth.
What contains phosphorus: products sources
Unfortunately, only the phosphorus which is contained in fish is acquired in intestines without the rest, and here the element from any other products is soaked up only of 70%. But its contents is rather big and widespread to fill necessary standard daily rate. As sources of this macrocell such products as act:
- milk and some dairy products (in particular fat cottage cheese and processed cheese);
- meat and bird and also some offal, for example, beef liver;
- eggs (are rich with phosphorus);
- fish and fish caviar (especially sturgeon);
- bread (most of all in rye);
- grain — buckwheat and oat, rice;
- walnuts, filbert, sunflower seeds;
- bean — haricot and peas;
- vegetables — leek, beet, carrots, cabbage, cucumbers, salad, spinach, garlic, pumpkin.
Of course, in vegetables and greens the content of phosphorus is much less, than in other products. The greatest number of a useful macrocell contains in meat and a bird, in milk, fat cottage cheese and processed cheese, and in walnuts and a filbert.
Daily requirement and norms
The daily need for phosphorus fluctuates at people depending on age and a way of life. So, the people conducting active life, professional athletes or that whose work is connected with continuous hard physical work, need a daily dose practically twice more, than for the person leading a usual life. Let's consider norms of intake of phosphorus in an organism for the main age categories.
Whether you know? Matches are made of red phosphorus.
For adults
It is considered to be that standard daily rate of this useful element for the adult is the dosage in the range from 1000 to 2000 mg. It is actually better to take the average figures suitable most of people — from 1200 to 1500 mg as various vital activity demands various consumption of a macrocell.
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Those who leads mainly a sedentary life will suit also the minimum norm as requirement at them small. And here at that who have a nervous work who throughout the day standing and spends a lot of energy requirement increases up to 2000 mg a day. As for athletes and people with similar activity and big physical activities, their norm increases approximately up to 3000 mg a day.
For children
For kids phosphorus is a basic element of growth, and at different age the need for it various, but always obligatory. So, for example, kids about one year have enough from 300 to 500 mg a day. Tots from a year to three years need in daily 800 mg of a macrocell. At preschool age (3-7 years) this requirement increases up to 1000-1400 mg, and at younger school age (7-10 years) grows to 1400-1800 mg a day. During hormonal reorganization and active growth at teenage and youthful age from 11 to 18 years the need for phosphorus flies up up to 1800-2500 mg a day.
For pregnant women
Not just like that say to pregnant women that ate for two. And all because at future mummy the standard daily rate of this useful element grows practically twice more, than the adult has it. Therefore pregnant women and the feeding mothers need to use from 3000 to 3800 mg of this element a day.
Important! These norms are specified for the people living in a normal, not really active rhythm. For those who are exposed to big psychophysical loadings, are in a condition of a chronic stress, fatigue or professionally play sports norms of phosphorus have to be considerably increased.
Deficiency and surplus: reasons and symptoms
Despite unambiguous advantage of the shining macrocell, nevertheless its shortage, as well as a surplus, have the negative influence on a condition of an organism.
Shortage
The shortage of a macrocell actually meets extremely seldom. In order that really there was a deficiency of phosphorus, it is necessary to eat especially vegetable food growing directly from the earth and to neglect all other types of products. As you understand, such diet for the modern person is improbable. Also can act as the reasons of phosphoric insufficiency:
- the low acidity arising at reception of some medicamentous means;
- dietary food with the low content of proteins;
- shortage of vitamin D;
- consumption of food with a large amount of metals (magnesium, iron, aluminum and barium). Metals considerably reduce comprehensibility of a macrocell;
- diseases of kidneys;
- violations in work of an endocrine system;
- lack of absorbability of digestive tract;
- diabetes;
- starvation;
- drinking habit and drug addiction;
- prolonged use of diuretic medicines at which phosphorus is washed away with urine;
- newborns at artificial feeding can have a phosphoric insufficiency because of low assimilation of an element that leads to development of rickets.
Act as symptoms of phosphoric insufficiency:
- emergence of painful feelings in bones and muscles;
- exhaustion and general condition of fatigue;
- loss of appetite;
- decrease in immunity that is shown in the increased tendency to diseases of virus and infectious character;
- rickets;
- periodontosis;
- osteoporosis;
- reduction in a liver of synthesis of protein;
- changes of a myocardium of dystrophic type;
- emergence of gemorragiya on skin and mucous membranes;
- weight reduction;
- emergence of a shiver in extremities;
- sometimes mental violations meet.
Important! In case of very started insufficiency at the person such life-threatening states as the general muscle weakness, then the stupor leading to a coma can develop, and the coma, as we know, can have a lethal outcome.
Surplus and its harm
Too large amount of phosphorus is dangerous to the person at all not less, than its shortage. Its surplus influences practically all systems and bodies, breaking their work and causing the general poisoning of an organism. The biggest danger of a surplus of this macrocell is that it promotes washing away of calcium from bones which normal has to be twice more.
And calcic insufficiency becomes the cause of pain in bones, violations of their structure, to the increased fragility and their problematic recovering from fractures. Besides in kidneys stones begin to appear, course of nervous processes and work of an endocrine system is broken. Sharp poisoning with phosphorus has the same symptoms, as any other poisoning — vomiting and stomach pain. And here at chronic forms of poisoning the development of paralysis is possible over time, and there is even a possibility of a lethal outcome. The phosphorus surplus reasons in an organism can become:
- too big use of phosphorus with food;
- irrational administration of drugs containing phosphorus that considerably increases its receipt in an organism;
- violation of phosphoric exchange;
- full-time employment with phosphoric connections;
- proteinaceous diet or consumption of too large number of meat products.
The phosphates leading to a surplus of a useful macrocell are notorious under designation E on labels of many products. In the food industry they are used as podkislitel, prolong storage, do not allow caking, prolong a period of storage and many other things.
Important! Favourite sparkling water (lemonade and Coca), tinned fish, meat and vegetables, milk canned food and condensed milk, processed cheeses and even sugar are produced by all by means of phosphates. That so often is widespread among kids, leads the excessive use of these products to excess intake of phosphorus in an organism and is fraught with dangerous consequences!
It is possible to carry to symptoms of phosphoric intoxication:
- necrosis of fabrics;
- burning sensation in palms;
- pochechnokamenny disease;
- liver diseases;
- anemia (insufficiency of iron in blood occurs because the surplus of phosphorus promotes magnesium washing away);
- hemorrhages and bleedings;
- lack of calcium which is shown in the form of osteoporosis (fragility and fragility of bones);
- development of atherosclerosis which can lead to heart attacks and strokes;
- damage of a liver and digestive tract;
- in fabrics there is an adjournment of slightly soluble phosphates.
As we see, the surplus of this macrocell is not less dangerous, than its shortcoming. And it is that exceptional case when emergence of shortage is much less probable, than emergence of a surplus, considering that amount of industrial food which we daily use and which is produced by means of phosphates.
Medicines with phosphorus
Phosphorus, as well as calcium, are often included into polyvitaminic complexes which reception it is quite enough to avoid phosphoric insufficiency, but also not to allow an element surplus. Treat the vitamins containing a phosphorus-calcium tandem:
- Vitrum;
- Pharmaton;
- Centrum;
- Elevit;
- Alphabet;
- Komplivit;
- Selmevit;
- Supradin;
- Duovit.
And here in severe forms already apply other medicines containing much bigger quantity of a necessary macrocell to treatment of phosphoric insufficiency, and only the doctor after careful inspection and diagnosis — a gipofosfatemiya can appoint these medicines. Phosphorus medicines:
- Phytin;
- Calcium glycerophosphate;
- Glitserofosfat;
- Lipotserebrin;
- Gefefitin;
- Fosfren.
Important! Self-treatment by these medicines as they can provoke a surplus of phosphorus which is fraught with serious consequences is inadmissible.
Interaction with other substances
Phosphorus is a substance which very easily enters various connections. Therefore its reaction is dependent on many other substances. In the same way other substances actively react to it. For example, this element interferes with absorption of magnesium in blood. Therefore its surplus can result in magnesian insufficiency and, as a result, an anemia (anemia). Also phosphorus well interacts with calcium, but its surplus promotes washing away of calcium from bones that leads to violation of their structure and increase in fragility. Therefore the calcium ratio to phosphorus has to be 2 to 1. And here too large amount of calcium too badly influences phosphorus, reducing its quantity in an organism. Therefore, making the food allowance, it is very important to keep balance. To improve absorption of a useful macrocell, it is necessary to use it together with some vitamins — namely with A, D and F vitamins.
Whether you know? Nearly a half of all world reserves of phosphorus is in the territory of the Middle East.
As we see, phosphorus — a macrocell, necessary for the person, who takes part not only in creation of bones and teeth, but also influences also work of an organism in general, participating in many processes at the cellular level. The shortage of this element has serious consequences, however, as well as its surplus though to receive the last much more simply, considering huge amount of phosphates which are everywhere used by production of food products now. The most important that food was healthy, and a diet balanced, as will become guarantee of balance of elements in an organism.