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The base is basic part of the building, it is necessary for transfer on loading soil from the designs which are above. The durability and functional performance of the building very strongly depend on reliability of basic part. Therefore before putting the base, it is necessary to study the existing rules of its bookmark.
The cost of laying of the base is usually up to 25% of house cost. The mistakes made when carrying out these works can lead to deformation of the base. It is not always possible to correct deformation, besides this work quite expensive. Deformation of the base often arises at its drawdown, when swelling the base in case of its laying there is higher than the level of freezing of the soil, at separation and swelling at its laying there is lower than the level of freezing. That to avoid it, before laying of the foundation surely carry out survey works with research objective of properties of soil. If it turns out that soil weak, arrange the column base under future building. Previously calculate the area of its support, increase it if necessary due to reduction of distances between columns. On "steady" (dry nepuchinist) soil it is enough to lay continuous footing. Such type of the base is also built for buildings from light-weight constructions, not having basement or underground; for the buildings having heavy walls and overlappings; in case of the basement device. Many contractors build the bases by the principle "the more deeply, the more reliably". To it there is scientific explanation: if the base of foundation is lower than the level of freezing of soil, forces of frosty rebound cannot affect it from below. However, if under easy buildings and constructions the base is arranged brick, small blocks or stone, the tangent forces of frosty rebound influencing side surfaces can pull out it together with frozen soil and even to tear off upper part. That similar did not happen, it is necessary to neutralize tangent forces of frosty rebound. For this purpose in the base on all its height put prefabricated reinforcement cage. It connects the top and lower parts. The basis pretend widened, having basic site anchor. When using reinforced concrete in work this design guarantees reliability at any vertical deformations of soil. If the stone, brick, small blocks without vertical internal reinforcement is applied to construction of the base, make walls inclined, that is narrowed up. This way of the device reduces vertical impact on the base of puchinisty soil significantly. Use the additional measures reducing influence of forces of frosty rebound. Cover side surfaces with the sliding layer. It can be polyethylene film, the fulfilled lubricating oil. Warm around the base surface of layer of earth haydite, polyfoam or slag. It will help to reduce local frost depth.