Cultivation of pigs – very responsible, troublesome and heavy activity. As they say, there were no cares, have so bought pig. But if have undertaken, then it is necessary to try to make everything correctly. The pigsty is the main thing construction on private farmstead.
It is unprofitable to build the pigsty counting on sagination 1-2 pigs. For single contents any old room, for example the shed, the hen house, bath, of course with strong walls and door will fit. Pig-breeding becomes profitable if to be engaged in it in years and to grow up several generations of pigs. For this purpose it is necessary to build the new building with special parameters.
Shortly about pigs and pigsties
- Pig predatory animal. The structure of body of pig is ideally intended for the crushing blows multiplied by the weight and high traverse speed. Attack tactics: to lie, having hidden and to put unexpected breakthrough with frightening roar - make this animal very dangerous. The strong long skull, powerful jaws with fine teeth and long canines supplement picture. Finger to it in mouth not of luggage in literal sense.
- The pig constantly digs and gnaws everything that can. Having crashed out, for example in kitchen garden, she can cause big loss to beds and landings. Also with pleasure the pig will grasp the stood gaping chicken or other animal who has got to the shelter. The pigsty has to be isolated from other buildings on the site.
- The pig constantly scratches about walls, columns, trees. To sustain pressure of powerful ink the construction has to be very strong.
- The pig needs solar bathtubs. The pigsty has to consist of two rooms: winter warm shelter and summer canopy.
- The pig likes to take also mud baths in warm season. It is necessary to provide possibility of watering of floor and removal of dirty water.
- Little pigs very mobile and jumping: height of walls in the shelter should be done not less than a meter.
Assignment of the pigsty
The pigsty is intended for permanent residence of animals, from the birth before natural end of their life cycle. On average on cultivation and sagination of one pig about a year, depending on breed leaves. It will be hard year, but it will pay off.
The family of pigs and set of rooms is normal for look so:
- Male pig, it knur, it is manufacturing boar. The thoroughbred male only for fertilization of females gets out. The male pig is very strong, aggressive and has to contain separately from all family.
- After covering the young pig also contains separately, up to the birth and beating of 2-month-old pigs. It is desirable to protect as much as possible uterus from stresses and to hold far away from male pig.
- The castrated male fattened on slaughter. Usually 2-3 hogs are in one shelter.
- Young uncovered pigs. Also contain separately.
- The room for pigs after beating from uterus.
- Big utility room. In it stocks of forages (it is required racks for bags and boxes, table-tops for ware and tools), the place for the grain crusher, the steaming-plant are located, it is desirable to establish gas-fire and to lay on water. On big family to carry buckets water from the domestic crane very difficult.
- From face of the pigsty the canopy for hay is arranged. The whole summer the weeded weeds and grass dries and stored in sennik.
Thus, the full-fledged family will require not less than 4 isolated rooms. One sow can give 2 generations a year, and keeping of uneven-age animals complicates task. Construction of such mini-farm turns out.
Construction of the pigsty
The pigsty represents stone box with 4 rooms: two in the center for young pigs and pigs, extreme rooms, the most remote, for male pig and sow. Length of body of adult long-eared white pig of 1.8 m and the size of the room of 2х3 m it is quite sufficient. Two growing up borovka or pigs with comfort will take place in the same rooms.
Length of box will be 8-10 m, width of 3-3.5 m, taking into account thickness of walls. Pigsty height up to 2 m is quite sufficient. The building with the single-pitch warmed roof.
Let's consider the sequence of construction of the pigsty.
Base
The base is carried out tape, monolithic, with depth of underlay of 60-80 cm, 40 cm wide.
- We delete layer of fertile soil. The humus is stacked on the next beds.
- We dig out trench under external walls and internal partitions.
- We arrange concrete preparation 100 mm thick from lean concrete. Preparation protects base of foundation from soil aggression.
- We establish framework from mm d=8 armature. Reinforcing consists of 6 working rods exposed in 2-row space framework of 300х300 mm. The framework can be connected lashing wire.
- We fill in trench with concrete of class B 7.5 with careful layer-by-layer compacting, to existing grade.
- The socle of the pigsty can be executed from brickwork 250 mm wide, i.e. in one brick. Height of socle of 20-30 cm from the highest point of the earth is quite sufficient. To take brick for socle only clay ceramic (red), slot-hole or hollow not to apply.
The socle can be executed from mass concrete with reinforcing in one row principal reinforcement. The monolith requires the timbering device that will increase cost a little, but will allow to execute ideally equal basis for walls.
Floors
It is better to execute floors in the pigsty right after the bases. To arrange top of floor at the level of socle top. Sequence of the device of floors:
- To remove the excess soil which has remained after fragments of trenches.
- To spill out layer of sand 100 mm thick
- To lay layer of crushed stone 100 mm thick.
- To spill from above crushed stone bituminous mastic. The waterproofing is required also for protection against leakage of fecal waters under the base.
- To lay concrete layer 150-200 mm thick. As filler crushed stone fineness of 20-40 mm, haydite, gravel can serve. At opportunity, before filling, to reinforce floor construction grid with cells of 50х50 mm. The thick concrete layer is caused by high loading and obstacle to coating damage by snout of animals and also when cleaning rooms shovel (especially in winter time).
At the device of floor it is necessary to make small bias towards door, for drain of liquid excrements towards exit. They can just be swept away broom and to take out already in base.
Walls
Walls of the pigsty can be made of slag stone, limestone-shell rock, gas-silicate blocks, brickwork – any material available and cheap. Thickness of blocks is 200 mm, brick layings – 250 mm. Under walls to arrange waterproofing. Message laying on brand 100 solution, with obligatory filling of all slots. Drafts should not be. It is better to rub clean and level seams at once – less opportunities to damage laying will be animal.
To each room the door opening, 1.5 - 1.8 m high, and one window opening in wall opposite, 40х60 cm in size, for lighting is arranged. To arrange bottom of aperture at the height not less than 1.2 m not to allow damage of window by pigs. In the top corner of wall it is possible to leave opening in kladke100kh100m, for ventilation. To execute extract from gray sewage pipes 50-100 mm.
It is optional to plaster walls from within, it is enough to whitewash once a year lime mortar. Usually it becomes when changing list of animals, along with prevention from parasites.
Overlapping and roof
The combined single-pitch roof is arranged from rafter boards, section 100х50 or 120х50 of mm. The step slung 60-80 cm. Rafters are established in specially left openings in upper part of laying and are closed up by solution. To process boards antiseptic structure. Though the pigsty does not provide heating (except uterine office), before laying of roof it is necessary to warm roof.
- On bottom of rafters we fix sheets of veneer or SMALLPOX on all area of ceiling. To fix sheets only self-tapping screws on tree.
- We spread paroizolyatsionny film on rafters and sheets of covering.
- We stack heater. The most available and simple option – rolls from nonflammable glass wool, 100 mm thick.
- We spread layer of waterproofing film and it is carefully fixed to rafters by the stapler – the minvat it has to be protected from drafts and dampness.
- We beat boards or bars of furring. Boards 100х25, step of 40 cm, bars 50х50 step of 60 cm.
- We stack and fix covering. The cheapest and widespread material – corrugated sheets of slate.
The box of the pigsty is ready.
Open canopy
For feeding and walk of animals the open canopy is arranged. To execute racks of canopy from asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 100 mm. Pipes can just be driven in the earth on depth of 50-60 cm, it is possible to fill in with concrete. And here the same design should execute floor as in warm volume – differently animals will instantly dig out the earth.
For each room the protection – bases – with gate opposite to room door is arranged. Area base same, as winter room. The protection can be executed from boards, logs with a diameter up to 100 mm, laying from rakushnik. Height of walls is 80-120 cm. Important that the protection was very strong. Veneer sheets or chipboard are not allowed – sgrynut and will break in month. Base to force down doors of rooms and gate from boards, it is possible with upholstery iron. It is necessary to close gates outside bolt – the pig can bring down hooks or revolving objects.
Width of doors has to be sufficient for pass of loaded wheelbarrow – it is necessary to take out fecal masses very often.
Canopy roof design same, as at the winter road, only without heater.
Inside base the feeding troughs and drinking bowls which are strong beaten to walls are established. In warm season the winter roads can be cleaned and closed - all life will proceed in base.
Heating and lighting
Lighting is arranged in each winter road, in base the lamps can be suspended on one on two shelters. The infrared heater on ceiling will be suitable for heating in uterine office better. Unlike the glow lamp which hang up for heating of newborn pigs the IK-heater is more economic and safe.
In winter time for floors board boards in the usual place of stove bench are arranged. Boards it is necessary to fix to walls in order to avoid hauling by their pigs and to repair regularly.
For sow and newborn pigs straw, sawdust, cane mats or hay in addition keeps within – before farrow the uterus will make similarity of the slot. During this special period it is necessary to enclose more often straw – pigs have to lie on dry laying.
Correctly built pigsty will allow to grow up successfully not one generation of animals and will yield constant revenue in type of the most tasty meat – home-made pork.