Walnut photophilous culture. It is thermophilic and often suffers from late spring frosts. Therefore it has received the greatest distribution to the Volga region, in the southern regions, in the North Caucasus, in Moldova, in Ukraine and also in midland of Russia.
Scientists carry out and carried out work on crossing of grades of walnut with more frost-resistant type of nut – wild-growing nut Manchurian for increase in winter hardiness of walnut. Nut Manchurian grows in the Far East. Its fruits have very firm shell. Scientists of the central Black Earth have received six hybrid large-fruited grades of walnut which grow 40 years and fructify in the conditions of area, northern for them.
The fertile loamy soils containing lime are suitable for cultivation of walnut. It is possible to multiply walnut landing of fruits or vegetativno. Pistillate and men's flowers of one tree usually blossom at different times. Therefore single trees badly fructify. Therefore, if you want to have good harvests, then it is necessary to have at least two trees of walnut on one site.
Fruits can be landed both in the fall, and in the spring. But autumn landing will be suitable for the southern regions, and in other zones the spring landing is more preferable. For landing choose the fruits from the best local trees but which are not bought in the market.
For the best germination the fruits place in damp sand or sawdust for two months and store in the cool place (for example, on the lower shelf of the fridge). In the spring the arisen fruits take out and close up to the soil on depth of 8 centimeters rostochok up. After crops the watering is obligatory. In the first year seedlings I reach height in 30 centimeters, and by six years reach three meters.
It is better to carry out landing by saplings in the spring. Before landing the core root of sapling can be cut on 5 centimeters. The pole for landing is dug out in depth on 50 centimeters.
In the first years of landing or crops the young trees need to be hilled and covered for the winter. It is very important to carry out the forming cutting. Keep only the central conductor in the same grade, and all side branches are removed. For the third year leave several lower side branches about 1 meter long. It is also necessary to delete constantly frozen slightly, dry and broken branches.
The trees which are grown up from nut fruits begin to fructify with 6-10-year age, and the imparted saplings fructify 5 years later after landing. There are also so-called skoroplodny trees which begin to fructify with three-year age.