The decision on the choice of the base under construction is influenced by set of factors among which there is type of soil and load of the basis. Foam concrete blocks — quite popular construction material with cellular structure differing in ease, durability and reliability. Construction of the house from such material gives the chance to receive the building with small static load therefore at design it is possible to pay attention to the facilitated options of the bases.
Types of the bases for foam concrete blocks
The weighted base for construction of the building from foam concrete blocks will lead to excess expenses which will fail. Therefore already at the initial stage of construction of the house from such material the benefit is quite obvious. Three types of the bases are considered as the most suitable for foam concrete blocks: tape, column and plate.
Each look is applied depending on structure of soil, value of its puchinistost, depth of underground waters. For example, if underground waters are located at depth of three meters and more, melkozaglublenny continuous footing will be suitable for the house from foam concrete blocks. Its difference is that trenches for such base go deep into lands on distance to 50 cm therefore it can dig out such holes also to one person.
Continuous footing
Trenches of 50 cm in depth are located on all perimeter of the house and under planirumy load bearing walls. The subfoundation needs to be made wider than walls on 100 mm, the pillow from sand and crushed stone in 2 layers has to be at the bottom laid, thickness of each of which equals about 10 cm. Then the timbering is established and there is laying of two-layer prefabricated reinforcement cage. Metal rods with a diameter of 10 mm will be suitable for it. Underpouring is carried out for once at once in all trenches. For prevention of fast drying up of concrete in the summer its surface is watered and covered with film after the beginning of skhvatyvaniye. Hardening of the base continues within month from the date of filling. At construction on the site with the high level of groundwater occurrance the base is protected waterproofing material.
Column base
The column base for the penoblochny house is applied on weak soil, mainly consisting of peat, clay or loam. Also such type of the basis for the house is used on puchinisty soil with frost depth from 1.5 m. Columns are made for the base of this kind from reinforced concrete. They have to be located under load bearing walls, corners of facades and under other places with heavy load. Depth of arrangement of concrete poles is equal to soil frost depth, however it cannot be less than 1 meter. The distance between columns varies ranging from 1.5 up to 2 m. If the planned house consists of three floors, such type of the base under foam concrete blocks is usually strengthened by means of reinforced concrete grillage. The timbering in pier foundation has the bottom supported by special props which are established in the earth. The framework from armature joins assembly loops of columns by means of special lashing wire. Concrete of M200 brand and rods with a diameter of 8 mm is used.
Plate base
The plate base under construction of penoblochny is arranged on any types of soil except for clay. Such type of the base is called floating because of its ability to move together with soil, without allowing walls of the house to collapse. At construction of the floating basis for foam concrete blocks under all surface of the house the ditch in 60 cm is dug out. From all excavating depth of 40 cm it is taken away under pillow from sand and crushed stone which thickness of layers is equal to 25 and 15 cm respectively. After that the waterproofing is made and the framework is established. It contains two layers of reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm and with step to 25 cm between rods. Such base has big durability because of rigid reinforcing.
Results
Information on types of the bases stated above gives short idea of their characteristics that allows to make optimum choice of view of the base, considering structure of local soil, the number of floors and the size of the house from foam concrete blocks. There are also other types of the bases, however they are used for heavier materials. As a rule, in private construction the construction of continuous melkozaglublenny footing for the penoblochny house is considered optimum. One of its advantages consists in opportunity to build the basement.