Apple-trees occupy big spaces in each garden. Their fruits are loved for pleasant taste and huge content of useful vitamins. But annually there is threat of infection of these plants with various diseases. What diseases of apple-trees and how they can be recognized exist?
Every year on apple-trees any given causative agents of various diseases appear. Gardeners should fight constantly against this misfortune to receive good and qualitative harvest. Among the most known diseases of apple-trees there are scab, rust, spottiness, mealy dew and others.
Scab
The most widespread fungal disease of apple-trees. The infecting agent strikes leaves, flowers and fruits. On sick leaves transparent light, then slightly muddy spots with greenish-brown raid appear at first. After a while leaves dry up and begin to fall off. On fruits black spots with light edges are formed at once. It often leads to cracking of fruits. If the scab develops at the time of formation of ovaries, very often it leads to their subsidence. All stronger densely set gardens and old trees are infected with scab. This disease significantly reduces the level of frost resistance of trees.
The infecting agent winters on old fallen leaves. After winter on foliage swellings – bags with disputes develop. These disputes are scattered on all garden and strike healthy trees. The scab very much loves abundant precipitation and in droughty years extends very badly. Getting on leaves, disputes take root, and the mycelium which gets in leaves and fruits is formed. During the season about several generations of this disease can develop.
The scab can be shown not only on the fruits growing on trees. Very often after harvesting it is shown on apples in storing places. It is caused by the fact that apples were infected still being on trees, but the disease was latent.
For fight against scab it is necessary to carry out preventive actions and to process trees protective equipment.
Rust
This disease has wide circulation, but is especially active in the southern regions of our country. Rust appears on apple-trees after formation of ovaries. On surface of leaves orange or reddish spots which instantly begin to expand are shown. Gradually leaves begin to fall down that significantly weakens trees, worsens quality of fruits and lowers frost resistance of apple-trees.
Mealy dew
At mealy dew first of all kidneys, young leaves, sprouts, inflorescences of apple-trees are infected. They become covered by gray raid which gradually becomes brown. On them black dots appear over time. Leaves turn yellow and dry, escapes grow brown and die off, in inflorescences fruits are not formed. The disease extends air flows or drops of rain. Therefore favorable weather for it is time when fogs and dews appear. Activators of mealy dew winter in the affected kidneys. However, it is negative to low temperatures and the mycelium in cold winters partially perishes that significantly reduces the level of disease of this disease the next year.
Fruit decay
Fruit decay widely spreads in the second half of summer when on apple-trees fruits begin to ripen. Especially strongly strikes trees in rainy and warm years. At first on fruits there are small brown spots which in week become more and more. Pulp of fruits darkens and becomes tasteless. On surface of fruits places of congestion dispute become noticeable. Inside fruit decay gets through various cracks in apples. Apples rot and fall down. The mushroom in the struck fruits winters.
Ordinary, black and root crayfish
All these diseases affect apple-trees and are the most dangerous to garden. Their distinctions are that they strike various bodies of trees: ordinary cancer – trunks and branches of the first order; black crayfish – shtamba and skeletal branches; root cancer – the root system of apple-tree.
On places of formation of these diseases the red-brown or dark brown pressed spots are formed. Bark of trees cracks and bares wood. On trees black dots which gradually expand that can lead to death of apple-trees in general are formed.
As for root cancer, it is shown in the form of outgrowths on roots of trees. Over time these roots rot, and the apple-tree begins to dry up that can lead to even more worst consequences.
To save the garden from these diseases, it is necessary to define in time what disease has affected your trees. And only after that to begin active fight against mushrooms and bacteria.