Ancient Romans used figures which remained under the name of "the Roman numbering" so far. It is used for designation of anniversaries, numbers of conferences, congresses, some pages and chapters in books and also stanzas in poems.
Instruction
1. The origin of the Roman figures for certain is not known. There is an assumption that they were borrowed by Ancient Romans Etruscans. In the latest type of number of the Roman numbering look so: 1=I; 5=V; 10=X; 50=L; 100=C; 500=D; 1000= M.
2. Integers to 5000 are formed and register by means of repetition of figures I, X, C, M. At the same time, if the bigger number faces smaller, then they develop among themselves. And if, on the contrary, (the smaller figure is before bigger), then the principle of subtraction is used, in this case from bigger number smaller is taken away. For example, XI=11, that is 10+1; IX=9, that is 10-1. XL=40 – 50-10, and LX=60 – 50+10.
3. It is possible to put the same figure in a row no more than three times. For example, LXX=70; LXXX=80; and number 90 will be written XC (but not LXXXX). An exception is only figure four which is written sometimes on dials of hours as IIII. It becomes for the best perception.
4. Pay attention, in the classical system of the Roman numbering number which costs on the right (that from which is subtracted smaller figure), there cannot be more number, standing at the left increased by ten. 49 it will be written not as IL but only as LXIX, that is 50-10=40; 40+9=49.
5. For designation of large numbers it is put one devil over the figures designating thousands, and two lines – over millions. For example, the number one million is written in the Roman numbering how I with double line from above.
6. To write down large numbers in the Roman figures, at first write number of thousands, then hundreds, then dozens and, at last, units. For example: XXVIII=28 – 10+10+8; XXXIX=39 – 10+10+10+9; CCCXCVII=100+100+100+(100-10)+7=397.
7. It is difficult to perform even simple arithmetic operations over multidigit numbers in the Roman numbering. Though it prevailed in countries of Western Europe up to the 16th century.