Among social sciences it is accepted to mark out those disciplines which are connected with policy. This sphere of human activity long since took the important place in life of both the certain states, and all human civilization in general. The whole science within which the political relations are considered was for many years created. It is about political science.
Rudiments of political knowledge appeared in ancient times. With emergence of the state political processes in Ancient Egypt, China, India began. Our time was reached by separate parts of legal documents which allow to claim that in those days political life was quite developed and active. Already then there was administrative division on the states and provinces, there were mechanisms of regulation of the public relations. One of sources of this time – world famous "Laws of the tsar Hammurapi". The invaluable contribution to political science was made by Ancient Greek philosophers. Even the term "policy" has the Greek roots: in the literal translation "policy" means "state", "city". Already then attempts to draw an image of an ideal society organization were made. Philosophers Platon and Aristotle consistently developed the main categories of the arising political science – property, the state, the power. In Ancient Greece the idea of division of the authorities was for the first time put forward. Subsequently the political science successfully developed in medieval Europe. One of public figures of that era, Niccolo Machiavelli, cleaned policy from religious contents, drew a parallel between the processes happening in the nature and the public phenomena. The government problem became the center of researches. Eventually the political science gained all lines of the modern science studying the political phenomena, concrete historical political systems, their structure, mechanisms of action and development. Developed as well the methods of researches allowing to investigate in detail and comprehensively a political science subject. For the description of the political phenomena and processes descriptive, historical and comparative methods are widely used. Some approaches are borrowed from mathematics, sociology and psychology. Today the main efforts of the scientists working in the field of political science are concentrated on search of optimum political system. It is supposed that the perfect state and society have to provide social justice, the maximum public benefit and allow the person to carry out in the best way his natural rights. Modern political science – the independent scientific discipline studying the general and specific regularities of the phenomena and processes in the political sphere. Having turned into extensive field of knowledge, it includes the political theory, the theory of political institutes, comparative political science and also the theory of the international relations and world politics. Rather recently from political science separated and gained independence separate science – political psychology.