Methane represents the most plain saturated hydrocarbon from which by the subsequent reactions other organic matter including ethylene can be received. It, as well as methane, is the most plain substance, but, unlike it, belongs to the class of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Instruction
1. From methane it is possible to receive a number of difficult organic connections. It represents the colourless gas which does not have taste and a smell almost insoluble in water, and having the smaller density, than air. It is one of the most widespread gases on Earth and other planets of the Solar system. At a temperature over 1000 wasps methane decays to soot and hydrogen: CH4→C+2H2. This process is called methane cracking. When cracking other hydrocarbon - ethane - ethylene turns out. Therefore for receiving ethylene originally from methane receive ethane, and then subject ethane to cracking.
2. By means of Vyurts's reaction it is possible to receive ethane from compounds of methane, and then to begin cracking process therefore ethylene will turn out. This reaction is that metal sodium is added to iodide methyl therefore ethane turns out: CH3-Y+[Na] of +CH3-YC2H6Zatem is carried out ethane cracking reaction: C2H6→CH2=CH2+CH4+H2 (at t=500oC)
3. There is both more modern and easy way of receiving ethylene from methane. In this case, reaction is carried usually out at a temperature 500-900os in the presence of oxygen and oxides of manganese, cadmium. Then gases divide absorption, deep cooling and rectification under pressure. The equation of receiving ethylene from methane looks as follows: 2CH4→C2H4+H2
4. The second way, in view of its simplicity, is applied more often. From ethylene, in turn, receive other organic matter, including, polyethylene, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, vinyl-acetic ester and styrene. In the past it was also used in medicine for an anesthesia. Besides, ethylene is applied to regulation of growth of plants and maturing of fruits. Also make synthetic lubricating oils which are used in the industry and life of it.