One of the most important components of different types of the systems working at the movement of liquid is hydraulic oil. For high-quality and trouble-free operation of all design it is necessary to select liquid correctly. When choosing the system type, seasonality and other terms of use is considered. It is in addition necessary to observe the recommendations of the manufacturer of the equipment.
What is hydraulic oils?
Liquid material in a system is necessary for transmission of energy from the pump mechanism to knot which is supposed to be used. Modern hydraulic oil is a special substance by means of which there is this process. It is intended for filling of hydraulic systems of any kind of the machinery and equipment, is applied as the energy store. Thanks to liquid the mechanical energy at the expense of a combination of low speed of a current and high statistical pressure is transferred.
For what hydraulic oil is used?
Fluid lubricant in systems is used with the different purposes. Besides transmission of energy, hydraulic fluid carries out some other functions among which:
- cooling of knots and mechanisms;
- protection of details of hydraulics against corrosion and premature wear;
- the lubricant of the rubbing equipment elements which is followed by decrease in coefficient of friction;
- ensuring resistance to fluctuations of temperature and other features of operation of cars;
- preventing to education and subsidence on walls of a hydraulic system of deposits of various origin;
- effective transmission of energy on an oil pipeline to executive knot.
Characteristics of hydraulic oils
High-quality performance of functions in a system depends on properties of liquid. It should not foam strongly, but differ in resistance to oxidizing processes and not interact with materials of a hydraulic system. All oils, irrespective of the producer, are produced according to the established standards. The following parameters are considered:
- temperature of ignition and hardening;
- firmness of oxidation;
- kinematic viscosity of hydraulic oil;
- acid number;
- index of viscosity;
- percentage of water and mechanical suspensions;
- corrosive impact on metal.
The greatest value for work of stable operation of hydraulic mechanisms has viscosity and density of hydraulic oil. The first indicator indicates ability of liquid to change the fluidity at temperature change. Often liquid with viscosity of ISO VG 32 is required, but from 5 to 300 are issued. Than the indicator is higher, with that under more extreme conditions the equipment and mechanisms can work.
Density indicates the mass of unit of oil and depends on temperature values. Systems are intended for work in the range from-30 to +180 °C, but it is important to know that temperature of boiling of hydraulic oil reaches 250 °C. For improvement of physicomechanical and operational characteristics additives are entered: anti-oxidizing, antiwear, anticorrosive, antifoam.
Types of hydraulic oils
The products are classified taking into account scope of application and components which are a part. Modern hydraulic oils are used in the following areas:
- water and air vehicles;
- aircraft;
- industrial equipment;
- damping and hydrobrake systems;
- special equipment and cargo land transport.
On structure oil for hydraulic systems is subdivided on:
- synthetic;
- mineral (oil);
- water and glycolic (with additives or without them).
Marking of hydraulic oil
Depending on composition of additives and viscosity distinguish three groups of lubricant liquid, they are designated by alphabetic letters:
- And – oil without additives;
- In – contains anti-oxidizing and anticorrosive additives;
- With – the structure included anticorrosive, anti-oxidizing, antiwear additives.
The products have designations on which it is easy to choose suitable option:
- VMGZ is the heavy construction, road, transport, logging machinery which is operated on the open area.
- IGP – the industrial alloyed oil for a hydraulic press with the improved indicators. It is applied in the units having gear, piston or bladed pumps.
- MGE – agricultural machinery, tractors, excavators.
- AUP are sea and overland special units.
- HEY – the hydrounits working at a temperature of-40 … +90 °C.
- ES are the systems operated with high loadings.
- AMGA is machinery and equipment, +60 °C used at temperature range-70 ….
- KW – oil for the hydraulics working at a temperature of-50 … +90 °C.
- GP – oil for the hydraulics working at a temperature of-50 … +90 °C.
- Brand P – the hydraulic booster of a steering column.
- Brand A – automobile automatic transmissions, hydraulic torque converters.
Hydraulic oil – rating
Leaders in the market will be able to help with the choice:
- One of the best among synthetic lubricants are the products of the TOTAL QUARTZ brand. The producer from France delivers products which are difficult for forging. Oil differs in excellent quality and practically does not burn out.
- In the same category lubricant liquid of the ZIC brand from the South Korean producer well proved.
- In a class of semi-synthetic products the Shell Helix and Mobil 1 brands are known.
- Special popularity Lukoil has hydraulic oil. Under this brand the whole line of lubricant liquids for various hydraulic systems and mechanisms is issued.
Use of hydraulic oil
This type of liquid belongs to highly consumables. In order that the hydraulic system ran smoothly, it is necessary to update lubricant liquid after 1000 h work or once a year. It is important to know how to fill in hydraulic oil it is correct:
- Pump out working off from a system by means of make-shifts or the special equipment.
- Clean a hydraulic tank from pollution.
- Download a fresh portion, determining level through an observation port or the probe.
- Start the pump for start of circulation of oil on a system.
- If necessary add liquid to the necessary mark.
Whether it is possible to mix hydraulic oils?
High-quality operation of mechanisms and knots depends on a set of factors. Among them observance of the rule is important that mixing of hydraulic oils from different producers is strictly forbidden even if viscosity and basic indicators identical. It is impossible to add independently various additives, otherwise there can be unforeseen chemical reactions because of what all system can collapse. If in the absence of products with the necessary parameters the analog is picked up, then hydraulic oil has to be completely replaced.