Thinking is the object of study of different scientific disciplines. Sections of logic, philosophy, psychology, genetics, linguistics and other sciences try to understand thought processes of the person and to answer questions that such thinking what its forms, etc. exist.
Concept of rational thinking
Usually mean rationality, characteristic of knowledge which is contrast of sensory, emotional perception by rationality. Exact and clear determination of rational thinking and rationality does not exist. In general, one may say, that the rationality is such type of thinking when optimal solutions are made, proceeding from comparison of set of the facts, but not on the basis of feelings or from emotional motives.
Important component of rational thinking is the logic. The logic as science, studies forms of achievement of the truth by knowledge, but not from sensual experience. In rational thinking conclusions have to have the strict logical sequence. Process of rational knowledge of logic includes several steps: concept, judgment and conclusion.
The concept is the simplest part of rational thinking, it is the thought of a subject expressing its main signs. Judgment is a form of thinking about reality objects in the context of their relationship and communications. On the basis of concepts and judgments of people comes to the conclusions giving certain knowledge of a reasoning subject. During creation of conclusions each concept, judgment has to be accurately verified, weighed and called in question. Rational thinking is connected with sensual, relies on it, however unlike sensual thinking, does not become attached by the images and feelings, and distinguishes in the studied objects only essential.
Principles of rational thinking
Rational thinking uses such operations as comparison, the analysis, abstraction, synthesis, classification, formalization, modeling, idealization, generalization. For establishment of the truth rational thinking uses methods of deduction, induction, etc. Rational thinking uses laws of logic: identities, not contradictions, the excluded third and sufficient basis. Process of rational thinking can be presented the following chain: establishment of concepts, creation of judgments of concepts, i.e. identification of communications between them, connection of judgments in conclusions, comparison of concepts, judgments and conclusions within the proof. Rational thinking is always controlled by consciousness. The subject of rational thinking realizes and proves each action by laws of logic.