In country houses wells "on sand" are most often equipped. Water gets into them from sandy water-bearing stratum. Shakhty this type usually has not too deep water and consequently, and manage cheap. However, as we know, sand — bulk. Therefore at arrangement of such wells, besides casing pipe, filters for water-bearing stratum are often used.
On sale there are also ready filters intended for protection of wells against blockages today. However such devices cost pretty much. Meanwhile if desired the reliable filter for the well can be manufactured also the hands.
Types of self-made filters
Manufacturing techniques of similar devices there is set. However most often owners of country houses assemble by the hands borehole filters:
- perforated;
- slot-hole;
It is independently simpler to manufacture such devices everything. Sometimes in wells of country houses also absolutely simple gravelly filters are equipped.
Defensors of perforated type
Filters of this version at owners of wells enjoy the greatest popularity. They consist of the following elements:
- soldered since one pipe end with set of round openings;
- windings;
- grids with small cell.
Until recently perforated filters were manufactured by the hands generally with use of stainless steel pipes. Drilling of openings in such material was business, of course, pretty long and labor-consuming. Winding of steel filters was made of wire. The grid in such devices was used metal with square cell. It was necessary to fix it on pipe by means of welding.
Today owners of wells manufacture for their protection most often nevertheless not metal perforated devices, but filters of plastic pipes PND. At use of such material the process of assembly of the device considerably becomes simpler. Anyway the welding machine in this case should not be used precisely.
How to make the plastic perforated filter for the well
The procedure of production of the borehole perforated plastic filter as follows looks:
- In pipe PND openings are drilled. Their diameter can be 0.8-2.5 cm. The less there will be openings, the more often them it is necessary to have on pipe.
- The thick fishing line or kapron cord is reeled up on the pipe perforated thus with step to 1-1.5 cm. This layer is necessary in order that the grid did not adjoin further to pipe densely and consequently, and the area of the filtering surface would be more.
- From roll of plastic grid the strip 12 cm wide is cut off and reeled up on pipe by spiral with overlap in 2-3 cm. The ends of strip are fixed on pipe by means of insulating tape.
That the grid in the subsequent was not unwound, it can be recorded in addition on pipe one more layer of winding from fishing line or kapron cord.
The slot-hole filter for the well: overview, way of production
Devices of this type are used by owners of wells for their protection also rather often. As well as perforated, make them usually of pipes PND.
Slot-hole filters differ from perforated generally only in form of the filtering openings. In this case they are done not round, but oblong. Slots up to 15 cm long on pipe surface across with small step have.
Process assembly actually of the filter of this type differs in nothing from mounting perforated. In this case winding from fishing line and grid is also usually used. One of pipe ends at the final stage is soldered or hammered with stub.
What it is worth knowing about
Both perforated and slot-hole devices protect wells from hit to the mine of sand rather well. But the choice of specific kind of the filter in this case depends on type of soil of water-bearing stratum.
If layer consists of very fine or dust sand, for the well it is recommended to equip the perforated defensor. At the same time for production of the filter it is necessary to use very small mosquito grid "nulevka".
For protection of wells with water-bearing layer from gravel or coarse sand slot-hole devices are usually equipped. At the same time for winding mosquito grids of "edinichka" are used.
Sometimes slot-hole filters for wells on gravel or coarse sand have also simpler design. Winding and grid in such devices are not used. Represents the filter of this type just pipe PND with large number of slots.
Wire filter: description, production
Defensors of such version gather from pipes from galvanized steel. Their advantage, in comparison with perforated and, very long life cycle is slot-hole. However production of such filter — the procedure rather labor-consuming and long on time.
Constructive parts of wire protective borehole devices are:
- perforated pipe from stainless steel;
- metal framework;
- wire winding.
For production of framework under wire in such filter rods from stainless steel with a diameter of 5 mm are used. At assembly of protective device they are just welded on upon pipe lengthways.
The wire in such filters is reeled up on framework with very small step. This layer will also perform further function of filtering. In order that the defensor in the subsequent has served longer, it is recommended to be made with use of wire of stainless steel 2.5 mm thick.
Sometimes instead of wire special purchased nozzles also are applied to assembly of filters of this version. Their use allows to make process of production of protective device by a little less labor-consuming.
The durability of filters of such version by the fact that the wire anyway can serve much longer than mosquito grid is explained. But of course, production of protective device of this type will be to the owner of the well a little more expensive perforated or slot-hole.
Features of production of filters from pipes
At assembly of perforated and slot-hole defensors the hands, in addition, it is worth following also such recommendations:
- the marking of pipes under perforation is made in horizontal position;
- perforation is applied on ¼ pipes taking into account width of water-bearing stratum;
- openings and slots in pipe are made in the direction from top to down.
Whether it is possible to manufacture filters of normal steel
Most often, thus, for assembly of protective borehole devices pipes from galvanized steel or PND are used. At their application the filters turn out durable and ecologically safe.
However, if on the site is some old, to anything not adapted pipes from normal metal, it is possible to use for production of the defensor and them. However at the same time it must be kept in mind that long the filter assembled with application of normal metal pipe will not serve. In water the neozinced steel very quickly will rust.
In addition, because of corrosion of such filter water in the well in the subsequent can get characteristic yellowish coloring. According to physicians, the dissolved rust cannot cause special harm to human health. However, for example, for washing such water cannot be used, most likely, already.
The gravelly filter for the well
Filters of this type can be used to protection of wells of country houses both as independent adaptation, and in complex with perforated, slot-hole or wire. They are used in mines on water also rather often.
The gravelly filter usually already at stage of drilling of the well is equipped. In this case at the very bottom of the mine by means of special nozzle the expansion in the form of trapeze becomes. Further to the well the gravel with fraction exceeding fraction of sand of water-bearing stratum at 5-10 times is filled up.
Fill this material to the mine until thickness of drainage course does not reach 5 cm. Make loading at the same time usually with use of bag on long ropes.
Actually principle of operation of the gravelly borehole filter is extremely simple. The sand getting to the mine gradually accumulates on layer of this material and "is absorbed" by it.