Human thinking and the language allowing people to communicate and being means of expression of thoughts are closely connected among themselves. Some even consider them categories identical. However, not all scientific minds agree with this statement.
Instruction
1. Language is the system of the sounds and signs corresponding among themselves by means of which the person expresses the thoughts arising at it. Language helps not only to sound the idea which is already shaped but also allows to comprehend more accurately the idea which is not up to the end formulated and then to bring her out of brain limits. The person – the only being on Earth using for communication and expression of the thoughts various sign systems – letters, figures, words, signs, symbols, etc.
2. Thinking – the highest form of activity of a human brain, the process reflecting reality, promoting use and increment of knowledge, knowledge of objects and phenomena and communications between them. Clarification of in what degree the language and thinking influence at each other, is one of the central problems of theoretical psychology and a subject of disagreements of many researchers.
3. Some scientists consider that thinking without use of language is impossible. This statement actually identifies language and thinking. For example, the German linguist Augustus Shleykher considered that two of these categories correspond as contents and a form something uniform, and the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure compared a thought and a sound to the front and reverse parties of the sheet of paper. At last, the American linguist Leonard Blumfield called thinking a conversation with himself.
4. Thus, does not raise doubts that thinking and language are in close connection with each other. At the same time many researchers consider that they are not categories identical. This statement is proved by the life. For example, it is well known that many creative persons are capable to create, without resorting to a verbal form of expression of the thoughts, using not the speech systems of signs. And these systems not always belong to standard, sometimes they are especially individual.
5. Some scientists consider that the person in the consciousness kind of anticipates what it should express in a verbal form. It formulates the statement according to the plan which developed at it, having a clear idea what he will speak about. This anticipation of the forthcoming statement is often formed in more flexible, not speech form.
6. Thinking is always shown in forms, more or less general for all people. And here language structures at different nationalities are various, therefore, and thoughts can be displayed by different means. Language is the tool, means of formation of thoughts.
7. Language and thinking, without being categories identical, are closely connected and mutually influence at each other. It is known that the grammar of many languages includes such morphological forms as nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc. with some purely national interpretations. There are, however, also rare, very specific languages, for example, the language a nutka operating only with glaga, or Hopi, dividing reality into the world obvious and implicit. The American linguist Benjamin Uorf considers that the similar speech specifics form the special mentality not clear to others at native speakers. On the other hand, there is, for example, a language of deaf-mutes which is not leaning on sound forms. However nobody can tell that at deaf-mutes thinking is absent.
8. Thinking also influences language, controlling its speech activity, providing a substantial basis of what in the course of communication will be expressed by means of words, influencing the level of speech culture, etc. Scientists call relationship of language and thinking contradictory unity.