The identity of the person is connection of various reactions connected with his behavior and they individually are inherent in each person. Quite so in psychology in terms of behaviorism it is necessary to define an inner self of everyone. So, this direction to 20 stations defined shape of psychology of the USA. Its founder J. Watson formulated the main bikhevioristichesky rule as Behavior — the main subject of studying psychology.
Behaviorism - behavioural psychology
In terms of behaviorism exercises the analysis of behavior has to be based only on objectivity, being limited only to external reactions, and therefore all that occurs in the person is denied (for example, his consciousness). The behaviorism adheres to the principle that in psychology with the maximum accuracy it is possible to study those reactions, incentives that proceed from external actions of the personality and also the situations generating the received reactions. Its main task — definition of a presumable incentive on reactions and prediction of concrete reaction, being based on the data on this incentive.
In terms of this psychological direction of people there is all what he owns also his opportunities, abilities helping to adapt to the environment.
It is considered that each individual can be reprogrammed, so to say, with ease on a certain style of behavior. For this purpose it is only enough to change and support concrete incentives because the personality — a being that reacts to the corresponding reactions, actions, behavior.
It is important to note that the follower of the founder of this direction in psychology Skinner, developed the main concept of behaviorism. He proved that any behavior, it is defined by the consequences. Proceeding from it follows that each person is dependent on Wednesday in which he is at the moment, and therefore as it seems to him, he is capable of freedom of action, but this freedom is illusion.
Behaviorism in social psychology
In the 70th of the concept of behaviorism are exposed to little changes and appear in social theories. So, they say that the behavior should be described in terms of the following:
- The behavior of an individual is affected, first of all, that it is possible to call it locus of control as a result of which he or considers himself the dependent personality, a pawn, or feels that it is possible to achieve goals by means of own efforts.
- Behavioural potential of each person is set of actions, reactions that are formed throughout all his activity.
- The behavior of each of us is affected by character of the personality.
In turn behavioural potential consists of the following behavioural reactions:
- aggressive reaction, physical aggression and its purely symbolical forms: the sarcasm directed against another;
- behavioural reactions that are focused on achievement of goals, success;
- protective reactions: depreciation, denial, suppression of manifestation of desires and so forth;
- adaptation behavioural and reactions of adaptation;
- technology of avoiding: rest, leaving and so forth.
Behaviorism and neobehaviourism in psychology
If the main formula of behaviorism is the incentive after which by all means there will be a reaction, then neobehaviourism says that behind an incentive will not keep itself waiting for requirement of any organism (in a dream, food, sex and so forth), and then reaction.
According to neobehaviourism exercises, behavioural reactions of the person define his expectations, past experience, genes, circumstances. Adequately, objectively it is possible to estimate behavior of the personality, having considered all these factors as a unit.